Humans as Pedagogical Beings: An Alternative Paradigm for Developing Islamic Education in Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.38073/adabuna.v5i1.3746Keywords:
Holistic Paradigm, Human Development, Human Nature, Islamic Education, Pedagogical BeingsAbstract
Misunderstanding human nature as the central purpose of education has led to inaccuracies in policymaking, pedagogical approaches, and educational practices, resulting in the suboptimal development of human potential. This study aims to analyze human nature as that of pedagogical beings by examining the optimization of fitrah, hearing, sight, and the heart as fundamental human potentials, as well as their implications for the development of Islamic education. This library-based study draws on data from scholarly books and peer-reviewed journal articles, which are analyzed using content analysis. The findings indicate that human potential is integrative in nature, comprising fitrah as the foundational orientation, hearing and sight as epistemic instruments, and the heart as the moral–spiritual core. The integration of these dimensions forms a holistic educational system oriented toward the formation of insān kāmil. These findings imply the necessity of repositioning human nature as the core of educational design through a balanced integration of ‘aqliyyah and qalbiyyah, the integration of knowledge within the curriculum, and the harmonization of Islamic values, cultural contexts, and the demands of global modernity in educational governance.
Downloads
References
Afifah, Siti Nur. “Integrasi Teori Belajar Dan Nilai Islam Dalam Pendidikan Modern: Konvergensi Untuk Pembelajaran Efektif.” Epistemic: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan 3, no. 2 (2024): 242–57. https://doi.org/10.70287/epistemic.v3i2.8.
Alam, Lukis. “Perspektif Pendidikan Islam Mengenai Fitrah Manusia.” Tarbawi: Jurnal Keilmuan Manajemen Pendidikan 1, no. 02 (2017): 41–52.
Al-Baqi, Muhammad Fu‘ad ‘Abd. Al-Mu’jam Mufahras Li Alfaz al-Qur’an al-Karim. : : Dar al-Fikr, 1992.
Al-Munawwir, Ahmad Warson. Kamus Arab-Indonesia Terlengkap. Pustaka Progressif, 1997.
Al-Naisaburi, Imam Abi Husain Muslim al-Hajjaj al-Qusyairi. Sahih Muslim. Dar al-Ihya’ al-Turat al-‘Arabi, 2007.
Al-Razi, Muhammad Fakhruddin, Abd Madjid, and Ahmad Hadziq Madani Ilham Khalil. “Reconstructing the Islamic Education Paradigm in Indonesia.” EDUKASI: Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Agama Dan Keagamaan 22, no. 2 (2024): 294–310. https://doi.org/10.32729/edukasi.v22i2.1918.
Alsuhaymi, Adeeb Obaid, Fouad Ahmed Atallah, Adeeb Obaid Alsuhaymi, and Fouad Ahmed Atallah. “Reason and Revelation in Ibn Taymiyyah’s Critique of Philosophical Theology: A Contribution to Contemporary Islamic Philosophy of Religion.” Religions 16, no. 7 (2025). https://doi.org/10.3390/rel16070809.
Al-Zamakhsarī, Abū al-Qāsim Mahmūd Umar. Tafsīr Al-Kasysyāf. Dār al-Kutub al-Ilmiyah, 2006.
An, Tao, and Martin Oliver. “What in the World Is Educational Technology? Rethinking the Field from the Perspective of the Philosophy of Technology.” Learning, Media and Technology 46, no. 1 (2021): 6–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439884.2020.1810066.
Ardoin, Nicole M, Alison W Bowers, Noelle Wyman Roth, and Nicole Holthuis. “Environmental Education and K-12 Student Outcomes: A Review and Analysis of Research.” The Journal of Environmental Education 49, no. 1 (2018): 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/00958964.2017.1366155.
Arsyad, Azhar. “Buah Cemara Integrasi Dan Interkoneksitas Sains Dan Ilmu Agama.” HUNAFA: Jurnal Studia Islamika 8, no. 1 (2011): 1–25. https://doi.org/10.24239/jsi.v8i1.82.1-25.
Ayu, Sovia Mas, and Junaidah. “Pengembangan Akhlak Pada Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini.” Al-Idarah: Jurnal Kependidikan Islam 8, no. 2 (2018): 210–21. https://doi.org/10.24042/alidarah.v8i2.3092.
Bhat, Ali Muhammad. “Human Psychology (Fitrah) from Islamic Perspective.” International Journal of Nusantara Islam 4, no. 2 (2016): 61–74. https://doi.org/10.15575/ijni.v4i2.1187.
Bouarfa, Abdelkader. “Al-Shajarah: Journal of the International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization (ISTAC-IIUM).” Al-Shajarah Journal of the International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization (ISTAC) 30, no. 1 (2025): 1–21. https://doi.org/10.31436/shajarah.v30i1.1922.
Burga, Muhammad Alqadri. “Hakikat Manusia Sebagai Makhluk Pedagogik.” Al-Musannif 1, no. 1 (2019): 19–31. https://doi.org/10.56324/al-musannif.v1i1.16.
Burga, Muhammad Alqadri, Azhar Arsyad, Muljono Damopolii, and A Marjuni. “Accommodating the National Education Policy in Pondok Pesantren DDI Mangkoso: Study Period of 1989-2018.” Islam Realitas: Journal of Islamic & Social Studies 5, no. 1 (2019): 78–95. https://doi.org/10.30983/islam_realitas.v5i1.862.
Burga, Muhammad Alqadri, and Muljono Damopolii. “Reinforcing Religious Moderation through Local Culture-Based Pesantren.” Jurnal Pendidikan Islam 8, no. 2 (2022): 145–62. https://doi.org/10.15575/jpi.v8i2.19879.
Daradjat, Zakiah. Ilmu Pendidikan Islam. Bumi Aksara, 2006.
Daulay, Haidar Putra, and Tobroni Tobroni. “Islamic Education in Indonesia: A Historical Analysis of Development and Dynamics.” British Journal of Education 5, no. 13 (2017): 109–26.
Farah, Naila, and Cucum Novianti. “Fitrah Dan Perkembangan Jiwa Manusia Dalam Perspektif Al-Ghazali.” Jurnal Yaqzhan: Analisis Filsafat, Agama Dan Kemanusiaan 2, no. 2 (2016): 189–215.
Farkhani, Farkhani, Elviandri Elviandri, Khudzaifah Dimyati, Absori Absori, and Muh Zuhri. “Converging Islamic and Religious Norms in Indonesia’s State Life Plurality.” Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies 12, no. 2 (2022): 421–46. https://doi.org/10.18326/ijims.v12i2.421-446.
Ghafur, Waryono Abdul. Tafsir Sosial: Mendialogkan Teks Dengan Konteks. eLSAQ Press, 2007.
Ghalib, H M, Achmad Mujahid, and Suarni Suarni. “The Concept of Fitrah as a Paradigm of Islamic Education: Perspective of The Quran.” IQRO: Journal of Islamic Education 5, no. 1 (2022): 65–82. https://doi.org/10.24256/iqro.v5i1.2880.
Hamzah, Muchotob. Tafsir Maudhu’i al-Muntaha. Pustaka Pesantren, 2004.
Harahap, Nurasyiyah. “Fitrah Dan Psikologi Pendidikan Menurut Hasan Langgulung (Suatu Pengantar).” Rekognisi: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Kependidikan 1, no. 1 (2016): 26–34. https://doi.org/10.31227/osf.io/hgecy.
Haris, Didik Nur. “Character Building Through Fitrah Based Education in the Era of Society 5.0.” Al-Tadzkiyyah: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam 14, no. 2 (2023): 339–52. https://doi.org/10.24042/002023141928700.
Idris, Ridwan. “Humans As Pedagogic Creatures: Islamic and Western View.” Lentera Pendidikan: Jurnal Ilmu Tarbiyah Dan Keguruan 24, no. 2 (2021): 316–27. https://doi.org/10.24252/lp.2020v24n2i13.
Idris, Saifullah, and Tabrani ZA. “Realitas Konsep Pendidikan Humanisme Dalam Konteks Pendidikan Islam.” Jurnal Edukasi: Jurnal Bimbingan Konseling 3, no. 1 (2017): 96–113. https://doi.org/10.22373/je.v3i1.1420.
Kemdikbud RI. “Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia Daring.” 2019. https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/.
Kim, Minjeong, and Dongyeon Choi. “Development of Youth Digital Citizenship Scale and Implication for Educational Setting.” Journal of Educational Technology & Society 21, no. 1 (2018): 155–71.
Lajnah Pentashihan Mushaf Al-Qur’an. Quran Kemenag. Lajnah Pentashihan Mushaf Al-Qur’an, 2023.
Langgulung, Hasan. Pendidikan Dan Peradaban Islam: Suatu Analisa Sosio-Psikologi. Pustaka Al-Husna, 1985.
Maula, Atika Rofiqatul. “Konsep Pembelajaran Humanistik Dan Relevansinya Dalam Pendidikan Agama Islam.” Atthulab: Islamic Religion Teaching and Learning Journal 6, no. 2 (2021): 207–21. https://doi.org/10.15575/ath.v6i2.14809.
Melis, Giacomo, and Susana Monsó. “Are Humans the Only Rational Animals?” The Philosophical Quarterly 74, no. 3 (2024): 844–64. https://doi.org/10.1093/pq/pqad090.
Mishra, Dev Brat. Research Methodology. Xoffencer Publication, 2022.
Mubarok, Achmad. Sunnatullah Dalam Jiwa Manusia: Sebuah Pendekatan Psikologi Islam. The International Institute Of Islamic Thought Indonesia, 2003.
Muhaimin, and Abdul Mujib. Pemikiran Pendidikan Islam: Kajian Filosofis Dan Kerangka Dasar Operasionalnya. Trigenda Karya, 1993.
Nasrika, Nasrika, Wildan Zulkarnain, and Sunarni Sunarni. “The Role of the Principal in Strengthening Character Education in School By Involving Tripusat Pendidikan.” JMSP (Jurnal Manajemen Dan Supervisi Pendidikan) 6, no. 1 (2022): 41–50.
Parhan, Muhamad, Nurti Budiyanti, and Auliya Fitria. “Hakikah Manusia Sebagai Makhluk Pedagogik Dalam Perspektif AlQuran.” TASAMUH: Jurnal Studi Islam 13, no. 2 (2021): 359–72. https://doi.org/10.47945/tasamuh.v13i2.421.
Pirson, Michael. “A Humanistic Narrative for Responsible Management Learning: An Ontological Perspective.” Journal of Business Ethics 162, no. 4 (2020): 775–93. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-020-04426-3.
Pransiska, Toni. “Konsepsi Fitrah Manusia Dalam Perspektif Islam Dan Implikasinya Dalam Pendidikan Islam Kontemporer.” Jurnal Ilmiah Didaktika: Media Ilmiah Pendidikan Dan Pengajaran 17, no. 1 (2016): 1–17. https://doi.org/10.22373/jid.v17i1.1586.
Purnama, Sigit, and Maulidya Ulfah. “The Concept of Fitrah for Children in Ibn Katsir’s Qur’an Exegesis: A Pedagogical Implication in Early Childhood Islamic Education.” Jurnal Pendidikan Islam 9, no. 1 (2020): 79–104. https://doi.org/10.14421/jpi.2020.91.79-104.
Puspita, Kurnia Tri, Mu’alimin Mu’alimin, and Mukaffan Mukaffan. “Integrasi Teori Gaya Belajar Barat Dan Perspektif Islam Dalam Proses Pembelajaran.” Jurnal Cakrawala Pendidikan Dan Biologi 2, no. 3 (2025): 242–49. https://doi.org/10.61132/jucapenbi.v2i3.687.
Rahman, Fawait Syaiful. “Trilogy of Religion: The Construct of The Spiritualization of Millenial Adolescent.” Jurnal Islam Nusantara 6, no. 1 (2022): 68–79. https://doi.org/10.33852/jurnalnu.v6i1.235.
Ramayulis. Filsafat Pendidikan Islam: Analisis Filosofis Sistem Pendidikan Islam. Kalam Mulia, 2015.
Rifqi, Muhammad Ichsan, and Suwendi_ Suwendi_. “Synergizing Multiple Intelligences with Learning Strategies in Islamic and Western Education Perspectives.” Belajea: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam 10, no. 1 (2025): 99–128. https://doi.org/10.29240/belajea.v10i1.11504.
Roostin, Erna. “Family Influence on the Development of Children.” PrimaryEdu: Journal of Primary Education 2, no. 1 (2018): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.22460/pej.v1i1.654.
Ruslan, Ruslan, Muhammad A Burga, and Muli U Noer. “Theological Belief towards Islamic Spiritual Belief: Evidence from South Sulawesi, Indonesia.” HTS Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies 78, no. 4 (2022): 6. https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v78i4.8009.
Saat, Sulaiman. “Faktor-Faktor Determinan Dalam Pendidikan (Studi Tentang Makna Dan Kedudukannya Dalam Pendidikan).” Al-Ta’dib 8, no. 2 (2015): 1–17.
Sahin, Abdullah. “Critical Issues in Islamic Education Studies: Rethinking Islamic and Western Liberal Secular Values of Education.” Religions 9, no. 11 (2018): 335. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel9110335.
Saleh, Riskawati, and Betty Mauli Rosa Bustam. “Islamic Education as a Means of Developing Human Nature.” Ta’dib Jurnal Pendidikan Islam 12, no. 1 (2023): 17–24. https://doi.org/10.29313/tjpi.v12i1.10196.
Shihab, Muhammad Quraish. Tafsir Al-Misbah: Pesan, Kesan Dan Keserasian al Qur’an. Lentera Hati, 2007.
Slamet, Moh Ibnu Sulaiman. “Manusia Sebagai Makhluk Pedagogik: Pandangan Islam Dan Barat.” Lentera Pendidikan: Jurnal Ilmu Tarbiyah Dan Keguruan 11, no. 1 (2017): 32–44. https://doi.org/10.24252/lp.2008v11n1a3.
Snyder, Hannah. “Literature Review as a Research Methodology: An Overview and Guidelines.” Journal of Business Research 104 (2019): 333–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.07.039.
Suriadi. “Fitrah Dalam Perspektif Al-Quran: Kajian Terhadap Ayat-Ayat Al-Quran.” Muaddib: Studi Kependidikan Dan Keislaman 8, no. 2 (2019): 143–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.24269/muaddib.v8i2.1424.
Syafaq, Hammis, Masdar Hilmy, Nur Lailatul Musyafaah, and Mohammed Ramadhan Abraheem Alshaykh Ali. “Reconstructing Islamic Epistemology: Bridging Metaphysics, Reason, and Revelation.” Teosofi: Jurnal Tasawuf Dan Pemikiran Islam 14, no. 2 (2024): 240–69. https://doi.org/10.15642/teosofi.2024.14.2.240-269.
Syarif, Miftah. “Hakekat Manusia Dan Implikasinya Pada Pendidikan Islam.” Al-Thariqah: Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam 2, no. 2 (2017): 135–47. https://doi.org/10.25299/althariqah.2017.vol2(2).1042.
Tafsir, Ahmad. Ilmu Pendidikan Dalam Perspektif Islam. Remaja Rosdakarya, 2015.
Tang, Ambo. “Hakikat Manusia Dan Potensi Pedagogik (Tafsir QS. Al-Nahl: 78).” PAIDA: Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam UNIMUDA 1, no. 2 (2022): 119–29. https://doi.org/10.36232/jurnalpaida.v1i2.1469.
Taufik, Muhamad. “Strategic Role of Islamic Religious Education in Strengthening Character Education in the Era of Industrial Revolution 4.0.” Jurnal Ilmiah Islam Futura 20, no. 1 (2020): 86–104. https://doi.org/10.22373/jiif.v20i1.5797.
Tolchah, Moch, and Muhammad Arfan Mu’ammar. “Islamic Education in the Globalization Era: Challenges, Opportunities, and Contribution of Islamic Education in Indonesia.” Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 7, no. 4 (2019): 1031–37. https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.74141.
Triwidiyastuti, Triwidiyastuti, and Maragustam Siregar. “The Concept of Islamic Education Development Based on The Theory of Fitrah.” Indonesian Journal of Interdisciplinary Islamic Studies (IJIIS) 2, no. 1 (2018): 31–52. https://doi.org/10.20885/ijiis.vol2.iss1.art2.
Uyoh, Sadulloh. Pedagogik: Ilmu Mendidik. Alfabeta, 2014.
Varela-Candamio, Laura, Isabel Novo-Corti, and María Teresa García-Álvarez. “The Importance of Environmental Education in the Determinants of Green Behavior: A Meta-Analysis Approach.” Journal of Cleaner Production 170 (2018): 1565–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.09.214.
Wrigley, Terry. “The Problem of Reductionism in Educational Theory: Complexity, Causality, Values.” Power and Education 11, no. 2 (2019): 145–62. https://doi.org/10.1177/1757743819845121.
Yusuf, Munir. “Manusia Sebagai Makhluk Pedagogik.” Didaktika: Jurnal Kependidikan 8, no. 1 (2019): 9–16.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Alqadri Burga, Muljono Damopolii
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
