Early and Middle Adulthood Development in the Perspective of Islamic Education and Its Implications for Character Formation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.38073/jpi.3644Keywords:
Early Adulthood, Middle Adulthood, Islamic Education, Character FormationAbstract
The development of early and middle adulthood is a crucial phase in the course of human life. This stage is marked by physical, psychological, social, and spiritual changes. In the context of the modern era, individuals in this phase often face challenges such as economic pressure, career demands, and shifting values that influence their character. This study aims to describe the characteristics of early and middle adulthood development from an educational perspective, focusing on character formation. Using a qualitative approach with a library research method, data were obtained from Islamic literature relevant to education and moral development, as well as secondary sources such as developmental psychology books, academic articles, and Islamic education journals. The findings show that, from the perspective of Islamic education, early adulthood is a period when individuals learn to take responsibility, seek the meaning of life, and achieve personal stability. Meanwhile, middle adulthood is a phase of reflection, where individuals strive for spiritual and moral balance. Islamic values serve as a guiding foundation, helping individuals develop a strong and balanced character. The contribution of this study is to provide a clear description of how the developmental stages of adulthood can be understood through Islamic education, as well as how Islamic values can be used as an important foundation for shaping good character during this phase of development.
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References
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Abqorina, A., Sururin, S., Yulianti, E. R., Karoma, K., & Yuslaini, Y. (2024). Well Being Berbasis Tazkiyatun Nafs Di Pondok Pesantren Darut Tasbih Ar-Rafi Kabupaten Tangerang. JURNAL EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT, 12(3), 389–398. https://doi.org/10.37081/ed.v12i3.6012
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Hochberg, Z., & Konner, M. (2020). Emerging Adulthood , a Pre-adult. Frontiers in Edocrinology, 10(January), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2019.00918
Hutagalung, N. N. (2024). Islam and the Environment: A Conceptual Analysis Based on the Qur’an and Hadith. Muqaddimah, 15(5), 18–31. https://doi.org/10.71247/r0jk0s98
Isma Aulia Zamaakh Syari, Widya Wulandari, Salsabila Utami, Gheijsa Zahira Sopha,Muhammad Asri, F. P. L. R. L. (2025). Agama pada Masa Dewasa. Jurnal Kajian Islam Dan Sosial Keagamaan, 2(3), 574–580. https://doi.org/10.61132/karakter.v2i2.590
Isroqunnajah, I., Hawabi, A. I., & Khoirot, U. (2024). Legal Capacity and Legal Authority of Adult Age in Indonesia: Medical, Psychological and Islamic Law Perspectives. Legal Capacity and Legal Authority of Adult Age in Indonesia: Medical, Psychological and Islamic Law Perspectives. https://jurnal.ar-raniry.ac.id/index.php/samarah/article/view/19834
Khoiriah, N., & Sujanto, B. (2026). Islamic Education Quality from an Islamic Perspective: An Analysis of Improvement Strategies. Journal of Contemporary Islamic Education, 6(1), 1–16.
Kirwan, E. M., Burns, A., Súilleabháin, P. S. O., Summerville, S., Mcgeehan, M., Mcmahon, J., Gowda, A., & Marie, A. (2025). Loneliness in Emerging Adulthood: A Scoping Review. Adolescent Research Review, 10(1), 47–67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40894-024-00240-4
Muhlison, M. (2025). Growing Character Through Wisdom of Heart: Implementation of Sufi Education Integration in Student Character Development. Tafkir: Interdisciplinary Journal of Islamic Education, 6(3), 653–669. https://doi.org/10.31538/tijie.v6i3.1906
Naibaho, D., Sinaga, Y. A., & Siburian, D. S. (2024). Perjalanan Hidup: Menjelajahi Perkembangan Psikologi Manusia diberbagai Fase Usia. JIMU:Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisipliner, 2(02), 311–324. https://doi.org/10.70294/jimu.v2i02.366
Nasution, F., Ramadhani, S. A., Anugrah, N., Alfira, D., Sembiring, R. B., & Zein, N. H. (2025). Mengenali Kebutuhan Serta Pemenuhannya Dan Batasan Usia Dewasa Madya Serta Ciri-Ciri. Jurnal Pendidikan Tambusai, 9, 1822–1828.
Nurhikmah, N. (2024). Character Education Islam From The Views Of Imam Al-Ghazali. Jurnal Al Burhan, 4(1), 53–66. https://doi.org/10.58988/jab.v4i1.300
Papaleontiou - Louca, E. (2025). Spirituality and religiosity in the developing person. Journal of Beliefs & Values, 46(1), 15–46. https://doi.org/10.1080/13617672.2023.2267924
Rodiatun Nadia, Masrion Tahawali, Nurlida Asni, Ayu Lestari, & Erik Novianto. (2025). Peran Pendidikan Agama Islam Dalam Menghadapi Tantangan Globalisasi. Ahsani Taqwim: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Keguruan, 2(2), 290–310. https://doi.org/10.63424/ahsanitaqwim.v2i2.288
Rohman, F., & Zainuddin, N. A. (2025). Internationalization of Indonesian Islamic Higher Education in the Digital Transformation Era: Opportunities and Challenges. QUALITY, 13(2), 125–142. https://doi.org/10.21043/quality.v13i2.33827
Satriyanto, M. D., & Parnawi, A. (2023). Progressive of Cognitive and Ability Library Research: Periode Dewasa Madya. Jurnal Edupedia, 2(3), 300–304.
Skirbekk, V., & Tamnes, C. K. (2025). Advances in Life Course Research Diverging trends in the age of social and biological transitions to adulthood. Advances in Life Course Research, 65(June). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.alcr.2025.100690
Suraji, R., & Sastrodiharjo, I. (2021). Peran spiritualitas dalam pendidikan karakter peserta didik. JPPI (Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Indonesia), 7(4), 570–575.
Vries, J. H. De, Spengler, M., Frintrup, A., & Mussel, P. (2021). Personality Development in Emerging Adulthood—How the Perception of Life Events and Mindset Affect Personality Trait Change. Frontiers in Edocrinology, 12(June). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.671421
Yarni, R. D. A. U. M. L. (2024). Perkembangan Masa Dewasa Awal. Jurnal Review Pendidikan Dan Pengajaran, 7(3), 2655–6022.
Yasin, A. F., Susilawati, S., Supriyatno, T., Tasir, Z., Asmawati, R. I., Chakim, A., & Putri, C. A. (2025). Innovative Learning Models in Improving the Spirituality of Higher Education Students in Indonesia and Malaysia. Nazhruna: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 8(3), 714–731. https://doi.org/10.31538/nzh.v8i3.319
Abdul Jalil, M. (2021). Konsep Pendidikan Karakter Dalam Perspektif Pendidikan Islam di Indonesia. Jurnal Al-Fikrah, 2(1), 4–5.
Abqorina, A., Sururin, S., Yulianti, E. R., Karoma, K., & Yuslaini, Y. (2024). Well Being Berbasis Tazkiyatun Nafs Di Pondok Pesantren Darut Tasbih Ar-Rafi Kabupaten Tangerang. JURNAL EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT, 12(3), 389–398. https://doi.org/10.37081/ed.v12i3.6012
Avria Damayani, Faliha Zahra Damanik, Muhammad Alwi Rahman, & Shoppyah Chairanie Simanjuntak. (2025). Kondisi-kondisi, Kebutuhan Serta Pemenuhan Kebutuhan Dewasa Madya. Corona: Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Umum, Psikolog, Keperawatan Dan Kebidanan, 3(1), 91–96. https://doi.org/10.61132/corona.v3i1.1044
Ayilzi Putri, Bitri Hariani Lubis, Aslamiyah Abda Daulay, Ramadan Lubis, Alde Rizky Pratama Siregar, Muhammad Fachrezy Risdi, & Muhammad Nuha Hidayat. (2025). Agama pada Masa Dewasa. Karakter : Jurnal Riset Ilmu Pendidikan Islam, 2(2), 246–258. https://doi.org/10.61132/karakter.v2i2.590
Cahyo, H., Kistoro, A., Istiyono, E., Latipah, E., & Mohd, N. (2023). Islamic Character Education: Mapping and Networking Data Using Bibliometric Analysis. Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam, 20(2).
Campbell, H. A., & Evolvi, G. (2020). Contextualizing current digital religion research on emerging technologies. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, 2(1), 5–17. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbe2.149
Curren, R., & Ryan, R. M. (2020). Moral self-determination: The nature, existence, and formation of moral motivation. Journal of Moral Education, 49(3), 295–315. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057240.2020.1793744
Ewa Gurba, Dorota Czy˙zowska, Ewa Topolewska-Siedzik, d J. C. (2022). The Importance of Identity Style for the Level of Religiosity in Different Developmental Periods. Religions, 13(157).
Fadli, R., Wahyu, D., Suryana, E., & Abdurrahmansyah, A. (2023). Perkembangan Masa Dewasa Dini dan Madya dalam Implikasinya pada Pendidikan. JIIP - Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan, 6(9), 6545–6551. https://doi.org/10.54371/jiip.v6i9.2793
Ferdyansyah, M., & Masfufah, U. (2023). Perkembangan Dewasa Madya Sebuah Studi Kasus. Flourishing Journal, 2(9), 598–604. https://doi.org/10.17977/um070v2i92022p598-604
Frezy, P. (2023). Karakteristik Perkembangan Masa Dewasa Awal. Journal of Education and Culture (JEaC), 3(1), 1–9.
GenSindo. (2020). Survei: 5 Hal Paling Dicemaskan saat Quarter Life Crisis. GenSindo. https://lifestyle.sindonews.com/read/14429/700/survei-5-hal-paling-dicemaskan-saat-quarter-life-crisis-1588370747#:~:text=JAKARTA - GenSINDO melakukan survei tentang,saat memasuki fase dewasa awal.&text=Daya saing yang makin ketat,pun jadi yang paling dic
Gignac, G. E., & Zajenkowski, M. (2025). Humans peak in midlife: A combined cognitive and personality trait perspective. Intelligence, 113(September), 101961. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2025.101961
Herijanto, H. (2022). Al amanah in al qur’an vs trust: A comparative study. International Journal of Ethics and Systems, 38(4), 549–575. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOES-03-2021-0064
Hidayati, R. N. (2020). Gambaran Kesejahteraan Subjektif Pada Dewasa Madya yang Hidup Melajang. Psikoborneo: Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi, 8(2), 166. https://doi.org/10.30872/psikoborneo.v8i2.4896
Hochberg, Z., & Konner, M. (2020). Emerging Adulthood , a Pre-adult. Frontiers in Edocrinology, 10(January), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2019.00918
Hutagalung, N. N. (2024). Islam and the Environment: A Conceptual Analysis Based on the Qur’an and Hadith. Muqaddimah, 15(5), 18–31. https://doi.org/10.71247/r0jk0s98
Isma Aulia Zamaakh Syari, Widya Wulandari, Salsabila Utami, Gheijsa Zahira Sopha,Muhammad Asri, F. P. L. R. L. (2025). Agama pada Masa Dewasa. Jurnal Kajian Islam Dan Sosial Keagamaan, 2(3), 574–580. https://doi.org/10.61132/karakter.v2i2.590
Isroqunnajah, I., Hawabi, A. I., & Khoirot, U. (2024). Legal Capacity and Legal Authority of Adult Age in Indonesia: Medical, Psychological and Islamic Law Perspectives. Legal Capacity and Legal Authority of Adult Age in Indonesia: Medical, Psychological and Islamic Law Perspectives. https://jurnal.ar-raniry.ac.id/index.php/samarah/article/view/19834
Khoiriah, N., & Sujanto, B. (2026). Islamic Education Quality from an Islamic Perspective: An Analysis of Improvement Strategies. Journal of Contemporary Islamic Education, 6(1), 1–16.
Kirwan, E. M., Burns, A., Súilleabháin, P. S. O., Summerville, S., Mcgeehan, M., Mcmahon, J., Gowda, A., & Marie, A. (2025). Loneliness in Emerging Adulthood: A Scoping Review. Adolescent Research Review, 10(1), 47–67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40894-024-00240-4
Muhlison, M. (2025). Growing Character Through Wisdom of Heart: Implementation of Sufi Education Integration in Student Character Development. Tafkir: Interdisciplinary Journal of Islamic Education, 6(3), 653–669. https://doi.org/10.31538/tijie.v6i3.1906
Naibaho, D., Sinaga, Y. A., & Siburian, D. S. (2024). Perjalanan Hidup: Menjelajahi Perkembangan Psikologi Manusia diberbagai Fase Usia. JIMU:Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisipliner, 2(02), 311–324. https://doi.org/10.70294/jimu.v2i02.366
Nasution, F., Ramadhani, S. A., Anugrah, N., Alfira, D., Sembiring, R. B., & Zein, N. H. (2025). Mengenali Kebutuhan Serta Pemenuhannya Dan Batasan Usia Dewasa Madya Serta Ciri-Ciri. Jurnal Pendidikan Tambusai, 9, 1822–1828.
Nurhikmah, N. (2024). Character Education Islam From The Views Of Imam Al-Ghazali. Jurnal Al Burhan, 4(1), 53–66. https://doi.org/10.58988/jab.v4i1.300
Papaleontiou - Louca, E. (2025). Spirituality and religiosity in the developing person. Journal of Beliefs & Values, 46(1), 15–46. https://doi.org/10.1080/13617672.2023.2267924
Rodiatun Nadia, Masrion Tahawali, Nurlida Asni, Ayu Lestari, & Erik Novianto. (2025). Peran Pendidikan Agama Islam Dalam Menghadapi Tantangan Globalisasi. Ahsani Taqwim: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Keguruan, 2(2), 290–310. https://doi.org/10.63424/ahsanitaqwim.v2i2.288
Rohman, F., & Zainuddin, N. A. (2025). Internationalization of Indonesian Islamic Higher Education in the Digital Transformation Era: Opportunities and Challenges. QUALITY, 13(2), 125–142. https://doi.org/10.21043/quality.v13i2.33827
Satriyanto, M. D., & Parnawi, A. (2023). Progressive of Cognitive and Ability Library Research: Periode Dewasa Madya. Jurnal Edupedia, 2(3), 300–304.
Skirbekk, V., & Tamnes, C. K. (2025). Advances in Life Course Research Diverging trends in the age of social and biological transitions to adulthood. Advances in Life Course Research, 65(June). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.alcr.2025.100690
Suraji, R., & Sastrodiharjo, I. (2021). Peran spiritualitas dalam pendidikan karakter peserta didik. JPPI (Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Indonesia), 7(4), 570–575.
Vries, J. H. De, Spengler, M., Frintrup, A., & Mussel, P. (2021). Personality Development in Emerging Adulthood—How the Perception of Life Events and Mindset Affect Personality Trait Change. Frontiers in Edocrinology, 12(June). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.671421
Yarni, R. D. A. U. M. L. (2024). Perkembangan Masa Dewasa Awal. Jurnal Review Pendidikan Dan Pengajaran, 7(3), 2655–6022.
Yasin, A. F., Susilawati, S., Supriyatno, T., Tasir, Z., Asmawati, R. I., Chakim, A., & Putri, C. A. (2025). Innovative Learning Models in Improving the Spirituality of Higher Education Students in Indonesia and Malaysia. Nazhruna: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 8(3), 714–731. https://doi.org/10.31538/nzh.v8i3.319
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