Krisis Karisma Kiai di Tengah Modernitas
Keywords:
Karisma, Kiai, ModernitasAbstract
Dalam struktur hierarki masyarakat tradisional, dahulu kiai dianggap sebagai pemilik elit sosial dan keagamaan, karenanya ia memegang peran sentral dalam masyarakat. Namun, dengan adanya modernitas yang bersifat dinamis, progresif dan transparan setidaknya telah merubah orientasi ketokohan kiai dalam masyarakat. Kiai tidak dianggap lagi sebagai agen sentral-tunggal dalam perubahan sosial masyarakat dan negara, karena sifat modernitas yang melahirkan faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan memudarnya karisma kiai, seperti: munculnya generasi muda santri yang memang berkarakter modern dan meningkatnya jumlah kelas muslim yang terdidik, munculnya intelektual muda yang kebanyakan kemampuannya melebihi sosok kemampuan karisma kiai di zaman dahulu. Fungsi karisma kiai menjadi kurang dan terbatas sehingga menggusur sosok karismatik yang dahulu begitu dihormati oleh masyarakat karena keteladanannya.
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Arifin, Achmad Z. “Charisma and Rationalisation in a Modernising Pesantren: Changing Values in Traditional Islamic Education in Java,” 2013. https://researchdirect.westernsydney.edu.au/islandora/object/uws%3A17130/.
Arifin, Zaenal. “Kepemimpinan Kiai Dalam Ideologisasi Pemikiran Santri Di Pesantren-Pesantren Salafiyah Mlangi Yogyakarta.” INFERENSI: Jurnal Penelitian Sosial Keagamaan 9, no. 2 (December 1, 2015): 351–72. https://doi.org/10.18326/infsl3.v9i2.351-372.
Brown, C. Mackenzie. “The Conflict Between Religion and Science in Light of the Patterns of Religious Belief Among Scientists.” Zygon® 38, no. 3 (2003): 603–32. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9744.00524.
Dirdjosanjoto, Pradjarta. Memelihara Umat ; Kiai Pesantren-Kiai Langgar di Jawa. Yogyakarta: Lkis Pelangi Aksara, 1997.
Hariyadi, Ahmad, Rustono Rustono, Suwito Eko Pramono, and Heri Yanto. “Charismatic Leadership of Kiai in Developing an Organizational Culture of Islamic Boarding School.” The Journal of Educational Development 6, no. 1 (January 18, 2018): 44–53. https://doi.org/10.15294/jed.v6i1.20730.
Ilahi, Mohammad Takdir. “Kiai: Figur Elite Pesantren.” IBDA` : Jurnal Kajian Islam dan Budaya 12, no. 2 (2014): 137–48. https://doi.org/10.24090/ibda.v12i2.442.
Kartodirdjo, Sartono. Religious Movements of Java in the 19th and 20th Centuries. Yogyakarta: Universitas Gadjah Mada, 1970.
Lembaga Penelitian, Pendidikan dan Penerangan Ekonomi dan Sosial (Indonesia), and M. Dawam Rahardjo. Pesantren Dan Pembaharuan. Jakarta: LP3ES, 1995.
Meranggi, Yogi. “Introduction of Keris; an Ancient Weapon from Asian Peninsula.” Bali Tourism Journal 3, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 22–25. https://doi.org/10.36675/btj.v3i1.31.
Muflichah, Siti. “The Charisma Leadership Style of Kyai Haji Arwani Amin The Founder of Y Anbuul Quran Pesantren, Kudus.” JICSA (Journal of Islamic Civilization in Southeast Asia) 3, no. 1 (2014). https://doi.org/10.24252/jicsa.v3i1.774.
Mulyadi, Mus. “Charismatic Leadership.” IJER - INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL REVIEW 4, no. 2 (December 21, 2017): 9–19. https://doi.org/10.21009/IJER.04.02.02.
O’Brien, Timothy L., and Shiri Noy. “Traditional, Modern, and Post-Secular Perspectives on Science and Religion in the United States.” American Sociological Review 80, no. 1 (February 1, 2015): 92–115. https://doi.org/10.1177/0003122414558919.
Purnomo, M. Hadi. Kiai dan Transformasi Sosial Dinamika Kiai dalam Masyarakat. Yogyakarta: Absolute Media, 2016. http://digilib.iain-jember.ac.id/314/.
Rijal, Syamsul. “Peran Politik Kiai Dalam Pendidikan Pesantren.” TADRIS: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam 9, no. 2 (December 31, 2014): 203–25. https://doi.org/10.19105/jpi.v9i2.408.
Siregar, Ferry Muhammadsyah. “Religious Leader and Charismatic Leadership in Indonesia:The Role of Kyai in Pesantren in Java.” Jurnal Kawistara 3, no. 2 (August 17, 2013). https://doi.org/10.22146/kawistara.3977.
Sudjito, S. Transformasi Sosial Menuju Masyarakat Modern. Yogyakarta: Tiara Wacana, 1986.
Sukamto. Kepemimpinan Kiai Dalam Pesantren. Jakarta: LP3ES, 1999.
Wilber, Charles K., and Kenneth P. Jameson. “Religious Values and Social Limits to Development.” World Development 8, no. 7 (July 1, 1980): 467–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-750X(80)90032-7.
Ziemek, Manfred. Pesantren Dalam Perubahan Sosial. Jakarta: Perhimpunan Pengembangan Pesantren dan Masyarakat (P3M), 1986.
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Published
2020-07-12
How to Cite
Masnun, Masnun. 2020. “Krisis Karisma Kiai Di Tengah Modernitas”. Jurnal Pendidikan Islam 9 (1):25-32. https://ejournal.uiidalwa.ac.id/index.php/jpi/article/view/201.
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