Learning Environment Interactions, Socio-Cognitive Processes, and Academic Resilience in Pesantren-Based Higher Education
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.38073/aijis.v4i2.6316Keywords:
Ma'had Aly, Learning Environment, Socio-Cognitive Process, Academic Resilience, Pesantren EducationAbstract
As traditional Islamic boarding schools (pesantren) in Indonesia formalize legal-theological training (tafaqquh fi al-din), Ma’had Aly Salafiyah Syafi'iyah Sukorejo Situbondo pioneers a hybrid educational paradigm (azdiwaj baina at-thariqah), integrating classical seminary traditions with contemporary university methodologies. This study examines how this environment shapes socio-cognitive processes and academic resilience among mahasantri. Using a qualitative phenomenological single-case study grounded in socio-constructivist principles, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with twelve key informants, participant observations, and documentary analysis. Findings show that student-led deliberations (musyawarah) and senior peer-tutoring (Ada') facilitate Vygotsky’s Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) and strengthen Bandura’s self-efficacy, while positioning faculty as formal rectifiers (mushahhih). Furthermore, residential support systems involving mentors (musyrif/musyrifah) and peer solidarity help mitigate academic stress. Despite infrastructure limitations, noise pollution, and technological restrictions, mahasantri demonstrate spatial agency through flexible study patterns and collective endurance, transforming constraints into opportunities for self-regulated learning. This study demonstrates that communal discipline and moral etiquette (‘adab) complement intellectual autonomy, bridging Western educational psychology and traditional Islamic pedagogy. It also provides an operational framework and policy recommendations for developing and accrediting pesantren-based higher education.
Downloads
References
Alhazbi, S., A. Al-Ali, A. Tabassum, A. Al-Ali, A. Al-Emadi, T. Khattab, and M. A. Hasan. “Using Learning Analytics to Measure Self-Regulated Learning: A Systematic Review of Empirical Studies in Higher Education.” Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 40, no. 4 (2024): 1658–74. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12982.
AL-Qadri, A. H., W. Zhao, M. Li, M. H. Al-khresheh, and A. Boudouaia. “The Prevalence of the Academic Learning Difficulties: An Observation Tool.” Heliyon 7, no. 10 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08164.
Amelia, A. R., and P. T. Y. S. Suyasa. “The Impacts of Self-Regulated Learning on University Students: A Scoping Review.” International Journal of Application on Social Science and Humanities 3, no. 2 (2025). https://doi.org/10.24912/ijassh.v3i2.35510.
Azra, Azyumardi. Pendidikan Islam: Tradisi Dan Modernisasi Menuju Milenium Baru. Logos Wacana Ilmu, 1999.
Bandura, Albert. Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Control. New York: W.H. Freeman and Company, 1997.
Baqi, Subkhana Adzim. “Perkembangan Pondok Pesantren Daruth Tholibiin Dan Implikasinya Terhadap Penanaman Nilai-Nilai Islam Di Kecamatan Lengkong, Kabupaten Nganjuk 1987-2022 | Islamic Insights Journal.” Accessed November 5, 2026. https://islamicinsights.ub.ac.id/index.php/insights/article/view/67.
Baqi, Subkhana Adzim, and Miftakhus Sifa’ Bahrul Ulumiyah. “Evaluation And Analysis Of The Integration Of Islamic Values Through Religious Practices In Building Student Character Atmi Darul Hikmah Mojosari.” DAS CONFERENCE INTERNATIONAL SERIES 2 (September 2025): 13–23.
Basith, A., S. Fitriyadi, I. Suwanto, D. Mariana, Kamaruddin, and M. S. Rahman. “The Role of Social Support and Academic Resilience on Students’ Academic Stress.” COUNS-EDU: The International Journal of Counseling and Education 10, no. 2 (2025): 20–31. https://doi.org/10.23916/00202501051520.
Bennett, John W. The Ecological Transition: Cultural Anthropology and Human Adaptation. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1976.
Bridi, Lana, Dahlia A. Kaki, Behnan Albahsahli, Dania Abu Baker, Xara Khan, Raghad Aljenabi, Nissma Bencheikh, Melody K. Schiaffino, Alison A. Moore, and Tala Al-Rousan. “The Influences of Faith on Illness Representations and Coping Procedures of Mental and Cognitive Health among Aging Arab Refugees: A Qualitative Study.” Frontiers in Psychiatry 14 (2023). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1083367.
Bruno, T. C. V, I. D. D. Custódio, L. A. A. de Menezes-Junior, A. L. Meireles, A. C. M. Neves, S. M. Barroso, and J. C. C. Carraro. “Development and Validity Evidence on the Scale of Perceived Social Support for University Students (EPSSEU) during the Period of Social Restrictions.” BMC Public Health 24 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-18882-3.
Cai, Z., and Q. Meng. “Academic Resilience and Academic Performance of University Students: The Mediating Role of Teacher Support.” Frontiers in Psychology 16 (2025). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1463643.
Cohen, Sheldon, and Thomas A. Wills. “Stress, Social Support, and the Buffering Hypothesis.” Psychological Bulletin 98, no. 2 (1985): 310.
Creswell, John W. Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Traditions. SAGE Publications, 1998.
Dhofier, Zamakhsyari. Tradisi Pesantren: Studi Tentang Pandangan Hidup Kyai. 1982.
Dong, S., H. Ge, and W. Su. “Enhancing Psychological Well-Being in College Students: The Mediating Role of Perceived Social Support and Resilience in Coping Styles.” BMC Psychology 12 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-024-01902-7.
Glaser, Barney G. Advances in the Methodology of Grounded Theory. Sociology Press, 1978.
Grotberg, Edith H., and Bernard van Leer Foundation. A Guide to Promoting Resilience in Children: Strengthening the Human Spirit. 1995.
Hamka, K. Khatimah, Sunariyo, D. Putriana, and Sudarman. “Social Support, Self-Efficacy and Spirituality in Reducing Academic Stress of Students in Indonesia.” Health Education 125, no. 4 (2025): 535–49. https://doi.org/10.1108/HE-09-2024-0107.
Hammond, S. P., G. Polizzi, C. Duddy, Y. Bennett-Grant, and K. J. Bartholomew. “Children’s, Parents’ and Educators’ Understandings and Experiences of Digital Resilience: A Systematic Review and Meta-Ethnography.” New Media & Society 26, no. 5 (2024): 3018–42. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448241232065.
Harianto, Alpin, and Afdhalul Akhyar. “The Historiography of Hadith during the Mutaqaddimin Period (2nd-4th Centuries AH): From Early Codification to Methodological Consolidation.” Afkaruna: International Journal of Islamic Studies (AIJIS) 4, no. 2 (October 2026): 303–20. https://doi.org/10.38073/aijis.v4i2.5688.
Hidayat, Asep Syarifuddin, Nur Rohim Yunus, and Muhammad Ishar Helmi. “Contribution of Fair Law Enforcement in Reducing the Culture of Corruption.” International Journal of Social Science And Human Research 06, no. 04 (April 2023). https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v6-i4-49.
Khoiriyah, and Ahmad Ali Riyadi. “Changes in the Tradition of Islamic Studies at Pesantren: A Grounded Theory Approach.” Ta’dib: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam 28, no. 1 (2023): 63–71.
Khoiroh, Siti, Risna Risna, and Sari Febriani. “The Traces of Al-Ghazali’s Philosophical Thought in the Fiqh Framework of Sheikh Nawawi al-Bantani’s Kasifatussaja in the 19th Century.” Afkaruna: International Journal of Islamic Studies (AIJIS) 3, no. 1 (September 2025): 85–96. https://doi.org/10.38073/aijis.v3i1.3324.
Lave, Jean, and Etienne Wenger. Situated Learning: Legitimate Peripheral Participation. Cambridge University Press, 1991.
Li, K., H. Wang, and O. L. Siu. “How and When Resilience Can Boost Student Academic Performance: A Weekly Diary Study on the Roles of Self-Regulation Behaviors, Grit, and Social Support.” Journal of Happiness Studies 25 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-024-00749-4.
Lincoln, Y. S., and E. G. Guba. Naturalistic Inquiry. Beverly Hills, CA: SAGE Publications, 1985.
Litwic-Kaminska, K., A. Błachnio, I. Kapsa, Ł. Brzeziński, J. Kopowski, M. Stojković, D. Hinić, et al. “Resilience, Positivity and Social Support as Perceived Stress Predictors among University Students.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 19 (2023). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20196892.
Luo, R. Z., and Y. L. Zhou. “The Effectiveness of Self-Regulated Learning Strategies in Higher Education Blended Learning: A Five Years Systematic Review.” Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 40, no. 6 (2024): 3005–29. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.13052.
Mammadov, S., and K. Schroeder. “A Meta-Analytic Review of the Relationships between Autonomy Support and Positive Learning Outcomes.” Contemporary Educational Psychology 75 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2023.102235.
Mansour, D., Korver, T., & Fraser, I. S. “The Diaphragm: An Underestimated Option in Contraception.” European Journal of Contraception and Reproductive Health Care 15, no. 4 (2010): 233–40.
Marhayati, Nelly, and Pasmah Chandra. Pendekatan Kognitif Sosial Pada Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam. 3, no. 2 (2020): 250–70.
Markus, Hazel R., and Shinobu Kitayama. “Culture and the Self: Implications for Cognition, Emotion, and Motivation.” Psychological Review 98, no. 2 (1991): 224.
Martínez-López, Z., S. Nouws, E. Villar, M. E. Mayo, and C. Tinajero. “Perceived Social Support and Self-Regulated Learning: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” International Journal of Educational Research Open 5 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedro.2023.100291.
Masten, Ann S. “Ordinary Magic: Resilience Processes in Development.” American Psychologist 56, no. 3 (2001): 227.
Messi, N. “A Benchmarking Study on Existing Communities of Practice in Higher Education Institutions: A Comparison between Europe and US.” Innovations in Education and Teaching International 62, no. 1 (2025): 180–89. https://doi.org/10.1080/14703297.2024.2319186.
Miles, M. B., A. M. Huberman, and J. Saldana. Qualitative Data Analysis: A Methods Sourcebook. Washington, DC: SAGE Publications, 2014.
Mk, Fathima Shaheema, Fathima Shirin Pm, and Hassan Shareef Kp. “Zahrawiyya Program as a Model of Integrated Islamic Education for Women in Malabar.” Afkaruna: International Journal of Islamic Studies (AIJIS) 4, no. 2 (October 2026): 205–26. https://doi.org/10.38073/aijis.v4i2.5816.
Muna, Z. “Hubungan Antara Dukungan Sosial Dengan Resiliensi Akademik Pada Santri Akhir Pesantren Modern Al-Zahrah.” INSIGHT: Jurnal Penelitian Psikologi 2, no. 2 (2024): 303–14.
Murgia, Silvia, Bisma N. Choudhry, Mary M. Flaherty, and Pasquale Bottalico. “Relationship between Speech Intelligibility and Comprehension in the Presence of Poor Acoustics and Poor Voice Quality.” The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 153, no. 3_supplement (March 2023): A172–A172. https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0018561.
Noetel, Michael, Shantell Griffith, Oscar Delaney, Taren Sanders, Philip Parker, Borja del Pozo Cruz, and Chris Lonsdale. “Video Improves Learning in Higher Education: A Systematic Review.” Review of Educational Research 91, no. 2 (April 2021): 204–36. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654321990713.
Nurhidayah, S., M. Hanoum, and I. Arlinda. “Academic Self Efficacy and Social Support for Academic Burnout in Islamic Boarding School Students.” Educenter: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan 3, no. 3 (2024): 323–29. https://doi.org/10.55904/educenter.v3i3.1396.
O’Meara, Ryan Patrick. “Communities of Practice and Legitimate Peripheral Participation: Teacher Learning in Social and Situated Contexts.” Old Dominion University, 2020.
Podolskiy, Andrey I. “Vygotsky’s Zone of Proximal Development.” In Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning, 2:3485–87. no. 4. 2012.
Qotrunnada, K., and N. U. Hasanat. “The Roles of Patience and Social Support on the Academic Stress of Undergraduate Students.” Gadjah Mada Journal of Psychology 11, no. 2 (2025). https://doi.org/10.22146/gamajop.90412.
Qureshi, H. A. Melampaui Konflik Paradigma: Instrumen Pengodean Empat Langkah Untuk Grounded Theory. 2017.
Radović, S., N. Seidel, D. Menze, and R. Kasakowskij. “Investigating the Effects of Different Levels of Students’ Regulation Support on Learning Process and Outcome: In Search of the Optimal Level of Support for Self-Regulated Learning.” Computers & Education 215 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2024.105041.
Rahma, Nur Azizah Aulia, and Suryanto. “Peningkatan Kemandirian Santri Akselerasi Di Pondok Pesantren.” Edukatif: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan 4, no. 1 (2022): 1111–18. https://doi.org/10.31004/edukatif.v4i1.1921.
Ringgi, Lalufiansyah, and Setyo Mustaqim Ariyanto. “Hubungan Interaksi Sosial Dengan Motivasi Belajar Pada Mahasiswa.” Hubungan Interaksi Sosial Dengan Motivasi Belajar Pada Mahasiswa 2, no. 6 (2023): 2339.
Schürmann, V., N. Marquardt, and D. Bodemer. “Conceptualization and Measurement of Peer Collaboration in Higher Education: A Systematic Review.” Small Group Research 55, no. 1 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1177/10464964231200191.
Shofi, Muhammad Bagus’ Aufus, and Nurul Hidayah. “Resiliensi Psikologis Santri Tahfidz Dalam Menghadapi Tekanan Akademik Dual-Curriculum Di PP Hidayatul Qurro Pikatan Wonodadi Kabupaten Blitar.” Arus Jurnal Sosial Dan Humaniora 6, no. 1 (2026): 752–60.
Sukorejo, Ma’had Aly Salafiyah Syafi’iyah. “Sejarah Ma’had Aly Salafiyah Syafi’iyah Situbondo: Kader Ahli Fikih Dan Usul Fikih.” Preprint, Ma’had Aly Salafiyah Syafi’iyah Sukorejo, June 27, 2026.
Syar’i, A. “Filsafat Pendidikan Islam.” Inspiratif Pendidikan, 2020, 1–4.
Tajfel, H., and J. C. Turner. “An Integrative Theory of Intergroup Conflict.” In The Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations, edited by W. G. Austin and S. Worchel. Monterey, CA: Brooks-Cole, 1979.
Tang, Y., and H. Tseng. “Exploring Academic Librarians’ Perception of OER through the Lens of Technology Acceptance Model.” The Journal of Academic Librarianship 49, no. 5 (2023): 102769.
Tummons, J. “Learning, Instruction and Assessment in the Workplace: Applying and Augmenting Communities of Practice Theory.” Studies in Continuing Education 47, no. 2 (2025): 403–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/0158037X.2024.2372490.
Usman, Muh. Idris. Pesantren Sebagai Lembaga Pendidikan Islam. 14 (2013): 101–19.
Villa-Torrano, C., W. Suraworachet, E. Gómez-Sánchez, J. I. Asensio-Pérez, M. L. Bote-Lorenzo, A. Martínez-Monés, Q. Zhou, M. Cukurova, and Y. Dimitriadis. “Using Learning Design and Learning Analytics to Promote, Detect and Support Socially-Shared Regulation of Learning: A Systematic Literature Review.” Computers & Education 232 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2025.105261.
Wardani, Retno Endah Kusuma, and Nasrulloh Nasrulloh. “The Role of Hadith in Shaping Digital Spirituality: An Analysis of Texts on Controlling the Gaze and the Heart.” Pelita: Jurnal Studi Islam Mahasiswa UII Dalwa 3, no. 1 (November 2025): 93–106. https://doi.org/10.38073/pelita.v3i1.3649.
Wertsch, James V. Vygotsky and the Social Formation of Mind. Harvard University Press, 1988.
Wood, David, Jerome S. Bruner, and Gail Ross. “The Role of Tutoring in Problem Solving.” Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 17, no. 2 (1976): 89–100.
Yuberti. Teori Pembelajaran Dan Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Dalam Pendidikan. Anugerah Utama Raharja, 2014.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Putri Sahida, Taufiqurrahman, Hajer Albshkar
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
