Artificial Intelligence in 21st Century Arabic Language Education: Students’ Perceptions and Its Impact on Developing Critical Thinking Skill
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.38073/lughawiyyat.v9i1.4102Keywords:
Artificial Intelligence, Arabic Language Learning, Critical Thinking, 21st Century Skills, Bloom’s TaxonomyAbstract
The rapid expansion of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the digital era has begun to reshape how students learn foreign languages, including Arabic. Beyond offering convenience and efficiency, AI tools increasingly influence how students think, process information, and construct knowledge. This study explores students’ perceptions of AI use in 21st-century Arabic language learning and examines how it affects the development of critical thinking skills, particularly the higher-order cognitive processes of analysis, evaluation, and creation as conceptualized in Bloom’s Taxonomy. Using a qualitative thematic approach, data were collected through questionnaires from 98 students enrolled in the Arabic Language Education Program at the Faculty of Tarbiyah, UIN Syekh Wasil Kediri. The findings show that AI supports analytical thinking (C4) by assisting students in breaking down complex Arabic texts, identifying linguistic patterns, and comparing alternative structures with greater clarity. In terms of evaluative thinking (C5), AI encourages students to question interpretations and check the accuracy of information; however, when used uncritically, it may weaken independent judgment as some students tend to accept AI-generated responses without deeper reflection. Regarding creative thinking (C6), AI helps students generate ideas, organize arguments, and experiment with language production, yet excessive dependence can limit originality and reduce opportunities for authentic knowledge construction. Importantly, many students demonstrate awareness of these challenges and adopt adaptive strategies, such as selectively using AI, verifying outputs with credible sources, and reformulating information in their own words. These findings suggest that AI does not inherently diminish critical thinking; rather, its impact depends on how consciously and pedagogically it is integrated into the learning process. When guided appropriately, AI can serve as a supportive cognitive partner in fostering higher-order thinking in Arabic language education.
Downloads
References
Abimanto, Dhanan, and Iwan Mahendro. “Efektivitas Penggunaan Teknologi AI Dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris.” Sinar Dunia: Jurnal Riset Sosial Humaniora Dan Ilmu Pendidikan 2, no. 2 (2023): 256–66. https://doi.org/10.58192/sidu.v2i2.844.
Amadi, Aunur Shabur Maajid, and Khizanatul Hikmah. “Persepsi Mahasiswa Tentang Pemanfaatan Teknologi AI Dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab Di Perguruan Tinggi Islam Indonesia.” Journal of Education Research 6, no. 2 (2025): 291–301. https://doi.org/10.37985/jer.v6i2.2343.
Azanulhaq, Azanulhaq, and Rubiyatna Sakaroni. Persepsi Siswa Terhadap Integrasi Teknologi AI TalkPal Dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab. 9, no. 2 (2024): 90–105.
Bachtiar, Bachtiar. “Pengembangan Kurikulum Berbasis Kebutuhan Peserta Didik Dan Kehidupan Global Dalam Konteks Indonesia.” Edumaspul: Jurnal Pendidikan 4, no. 2 (2020): 449–60. https://doi.org/10.33487/edumaspul.v4i2.2977.
Cao, Jieqiong, Jingxian Yao, Shuhua Sun, Zhaoli Song, and Fengzhi Zhang. “Not All Forms of Artificial Intelligence Are Perceived Equal: AI Functions and Work Outcomes.” Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 11, no. 2 (2025): 100521. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joitmc.2025.100521.
Du, Xing, Mingcheng Du, Zihan Zhou, and Yiming Bai. “Facilitator or Hindrance? The Impact of AI on University Students’ Higher-Order Thinking Skills in Complex Problem Solving.” International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education 22, no. 1 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-025-00534-0.
Fuadiah, Nyiayu Fahriza. “Integrasi Literasi Digital Dalam Pembelajaran Abad 21.” Prosiding Seminar Nasional PGRI Provinsi Sumatra Selatan Dan Universitas PGRI Palembang, no. November (2021): 62–66.
Halisah, Atikah Nur, and Universitas Tanjungpura. “AI Dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa : Evaluasi Keefektivan Alat Pengenalan Ucapan Dalam Kelas Bahasa Arab Mahasiswa Pendidikan Bahasa Arab IAIN Pontianak Tahun 2020 .” Seminar Nasional Pendidikan (SNP) 2024, 2024, 386–98.
Hanifah, Umi. Urgensi Pembelajaran Menerjemah Arab-Indonesia Pada Perguruan Tinggi Agama Islam Di Indonesia Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel URGENSI PEMBELAJARAN MENERJEMAH ARAB-INDONESIA Terhadap Pembelajar Bahasa Arab , Baik Di Perguruan Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri. n.d.
Husamah, Irna Sjafei, Dyah Worowirastri Ekowati, et al. Teknologi Pendidikan: Strategi Pembelajaran Inovatif Di Era Digital. Eureka Media Aksara, 2025.
Lukman, Lukman, Riska Agustina, and Rihadatul Aisy. “Problematika Penggunaan Artificial Intelligence (AI) Untuk Pembelajaran Di Kalangan Mahasiswa STIT Pemalang.” Madaniyah 13, no. 2 (2024): 242–55. https://doi.org/10.58410/madaniyah.v13i2.826.
Lutfiyatun, Eka, Depi Kurniati, and Nurul Fajriah. “Pemanfaatan Artificial Intelligence ( AI ) Dalam Tarjamah Dan Muhadatsah Di Perguruan Tinggi.” Balai Diklat Keagamaan Aceh 2, no. 2 (2023): 93–105.
Mahmudah, and Nurhapsari Pradnya Paramita. “Transformasi Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab Di Era Digital: Tantangan Dan Peluang Dalam Pendidikan.” Prosiding Pertemuan Ilmiah Internasional Bahasa Arab 14, no. 1 (2023): 841–58.
Muhammad Afif Marta, Dimas Purnomo, and Gusmameli Gusmameli. “Konsep Taksonomi Bloom Dalam Desain Pembelajaran.” Lencana: Jurnal Inovasi Ilmu Pendidikan 3, no. 1 (2024): 227–46. https://doi.org/10.55606/lencana.v3i1.4572.
Mulyadi, Nufikha Nayazsa, Inayah Dzikra, and Rizky Khaeran. “Pengaruh Penggunaan Artificial Intelligence Terhadap Minat Baca Mahasiswa/I Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Upnvj.” Jurnal Ilmiah Penelitian Mandira Cendikia 2, no. 11 (2024): 16–25.
Nafiati, Dewi Amaliah. “Revisi Taksonomi Bloom: Kognitif, Afektif, Dan Psikomotorik.” Humanika 21, no. 2 (2021): 151–72. https://doi.org/10.21831/hum.v21i2.29252.
Nasution, Juni Sahla, Armeni Maulina Siregar, Elza Syaskia Hasibuan, Fadhilatul Difla, and Tasya Nurul Azizah. “Dampak Negatif Penggunaan AI Terhadap Mahasiswa Dalam Proses Pembelajaran.” A M I: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Riset 3, no. 1 (2025): 35–42.
Nizaruddin, and Imam Kusmaryono. “How Are Critical Thinking Skills Related to Students’ Self-Regulation and Independent Learning?” Pegem Journal of Education and Instruction 13, no. 4 (2023): 85–92. https://doi.org/10.47750/pegegog.13.04.10.
Nurmatova, Shohidahon, and Mustafa Altun. “A Comprehensive Review of Bloom’s Taxonomy Integration to Enhancing Novice EFL Educators’ Pedagogical Impact.” Arab World English Journal 14, no. 3 (2023): 380–88. https://doi.org/10.24093/awej/vol14no3.24.
Nurul Baity, Anggi, and Putri Kholida Faiqoh. “Optimizing Arabic Learning for University Students through 4c Skills of 21st Century.” Journal of Arabic Education 02 (2022): 2.
Ouyang, Zhiqun, Yujun Jiang, and Huying Liu. “The Effects of Duolingo, an AI-Integrated Technology, on EFL Learners’ Willingness to Communicate and Engagement in Online Classes.” International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning 25, no. 3 Special Issue (2024): 97–115. https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v25i3.7677.
Partnership for 21 st Century Skills. “Partnership for 21St Century Skills-Core Content Integration.” Ohio Department of Education, 2015, 1.
Paul, Richard, and Linda Elder. A Guide for Educators to Critical Thinking Competency Standards: Standards, Principles, Performance Indicators, and Outcomes with a Critical Thinking Master Rubric. Rowman & Littlefield, 2019.
Rahardhian, Adhitya. “Kajian Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis (Critical Thinking Skill) Dari Sudut Pandang Filsafat.” Jurnal Filsafat Indonesia 5, no. 2 (2022): 87–94. https://doi.org/10.23887/jfi.v5i2.42092.
Rohmawaty, Evy Nur, Danial Hilmi, M. Sholih Salimul Uqba, and Ummu Sulaimah Saleh. “Peran Artificial Intelligence (AI) Dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab Mahasiswa Pascasarjana UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang.” Jurnal Khatulistiwa: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Sosial Humaniora 4, no. 3 (2024): 316–28.
Santoso, Iman. “Pembelajaran Bahasa Asing Di Indonesia: Antara Globalisasi Dan Hegemoni.” Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Dan Sastra 14, no. 1 (2014): 1. https://doi.org/10.17509/bs_jpbsp.v14i1.696.
Sirah Robitha Maula, Sindi Dewi Aprillian, Assyfa Wahida Rachman, and Meutia Nur Marziah Azman. “Ketergantungan Mahasiswa Universitas Jember Terhadap Artificial Intelligence (AI).” ALADALAH: Jurnal Politik, Sosial, Hukum Dan Humaniora 2, no. 1 (2023): 01–14. https://doi.org/10.59246/aladalah.v2i1.608.
Siraj Pramudita, Nafil. Implikasi AI Bagi Gen Z Di Era Pendidikan Digital: Tantangan Pengembangan Etika Islam. 16, no. 1 (2025): 2025.
Syerlita, Rahma, and Irwan Siagian. “Dampak Perkembangan Revolusi Industri 4.0 Terhadap Pendidikan Di Era Globalisasi Saat Ini.” Journal on Education 7, no. 1 (2024): 3507–15. https://doi.org/10.31004/joe.v7i1.6945.
Tari, Detri Kurnia, and Dadan Rosana. “Contextual Teaching and Learning to Develop Critical Thinking and Practical Skills.” Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1233, no. 1 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1233/1/012102.
Thelwall, Mike, and Abdallah Yaghi. “Evaluating the Predictive Capacity of ChatGPT for Academic Peer Review Outcomes across Multiple Platforms.” Scientometrics, no. 0123456789 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-025-05287-1.
Untara, Wahyu, and Teguh Setiawan. “Problema Mesin Penerjemah Berbasis Ai Dalam Proses Penerjemahan Buku Inggris-Indonesia Dan Solusinya.” Adabiyyāt: Jurnal Bahasa Dan Sastra 4, no. 1 (2020): 92. https://doi.org/10.14421/ajbs.2020.04105.
Yahya, Yuangga Kurnia, Umi Mahmudah, and Luthfi Muhyiddin. “De-Sakralisasi Dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab Di Indonesia: Analisis Bahasa Sebagai Identitas Agama.” JLA (Jurnal Lingua Applicata) 3, no. 2 (2020): 57. https://doi.org/10.22146/jla.57232.
Zaphir, Luke, Jason M. Lodge, Jacinta Lisec, Dom Mcgrath, and Hassan Khosravi. “How Critically Can an AI Think? A Framework for Evaluating the Quality of Thinking of Generative Artificial Intelligence.” arXiv Preprint, 2024, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2406.14769.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Anggi Nurul Baity, Putri Kholida Faiqoh, Maziyyatul Muslimah
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
