Qisas dalam Islam: Konsep, Mekanisme, dan Hikmah Pensyariatannya
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.38073/pelita.v3i2.3694Keywords:
The Concept of Qisas, Justice of Law, Mechanism of PunishmentAbstract
Punishment is an important instrument in maintaining social order and preventing crime. In Islamic law, one form of punishment that plays a fundamental role is qisas, which is retribution for the crimes of murder and abuse. This concept is often misunderstood as a practice of violence, when in fact it embodies the principles of justice, protection of life, and social balance. Qisas is based on equality between the perpetrator and the victim, but its application is regulated by strict conditions and still allows for forgiveness and diyat compensation. This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the essence of qisas, including its definition, normative basis, conditions for implementation, and the wisdom contained therein. The research method used is a literature review, tracing classical and contemporary tafsir and fiqh literature, as well as related academic research. The results of the study show that qisas has a universal dimension of justice that is not limited to certain communities, and affirms the importance of protecting the rights of victims while providing opportunities for social reconciliation through forgiveness. In addition, qisas serves as a deterrent to crime and a guarantor of social stability. This study affirms that qisas is not merely a punishment, but an ethical and juridical system that reflects the main objectives of Islamic law in protecting life and upholding justice.
Downloads
References
Abdillah, Junaidi. “Diskursus Hudûd Dalam Studi Hukum Islam (Melacak Evolusi Rumusan Hudûd).” AL-IHKAM: Jurnal Hukum & Pranata Sosial 13, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 334–63. https://doi.org/10.19105/al-lhkam.v13i2.1881.
Al-Ghazali, Muhammad bin Qosim. Fathul Qarib. Bairut: Dar Ibnu Hazm, 2005.
Al-Jawi, Muhammad bin Umar Nawawi Bantani. “Tafsir Marah Labib.” In 1. Beirut: Dar-Kutub al-alamiyyah, 1997.
Al-Syairozi, Abu Ishak. “Muhadzab Fii Fiqh Syafi’i.” In 4. Damaskus: Darul Qalam, 1992.
Ash-Shabuni, Muhammad Ali. “Shafwatu Tafsir.” In 1. Bairut: Darul Qur’anil Karaim, 1980.
Hadana, Erha Saufan, and Harnides Harnides. “Eksekusi Hukuman Qisas Antara Teosi dan Implementasi (Studi Perbandingan Mazhab Hanafi Dan Mazhab Syafi’i).” Dusturiyah: Jurnal Hukum Islam, Perundang-Undangan Dan Pranata Sosial 11, no. 1 (July 2, 2021): 89. https://doi.org/10.22373/dusturiyah.v11i1.8791.
Hamim, Khairul. Fikih Jinayah. Mataram: Sanabil, 2020.
Insani, Nur, Upik Mutiara, and Haritsa Haritsa. “Penerapan Hukuman Mati Dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam Dan Hukum Positif Di Indonesia.” Pagaruyuang Law Journal 6, no. 2 (January 17, 2023): 149–63. https://doi.org/10.31869/plj.v0i0.4062.
Kamil, al-Hamid Hisyam. Al-Imta’ Fi Syarhi Matni Abi Syuja. Kairo: Dar Al-Mannar, 2011.
Karim, Zaidan Abdul. Qisas Dan Diyat Fii Syariatil Islam. Damaskus: Muassah Risalah, 2013.
Katsir, Ibnu. “Tafsir Al-Qur’anil Azhim.” In 1. Riyadh: Dar Thayyibah, 1999.
Limbong, Muhammad Fajar Miliano, Muhammad Rolly Wahyudi, Muhammad Dzarril Ghofar Sitorus, Farhan Fadila, Cut Rahma Hayati, Nondang Pulungan, and Deliana Siregar. “Kajian Fiqh Jinayah Terhadap Hukuman Qishash Dalam Kasus Pembunuhan.” AKSIOMA : Jurnal Sains Ekonomi Dan Edukasi 2, no. 1 (January 25, 2025): 349–58. https://doi.org/10.62335/4ycwxd49.
Mustafa al-Khin, Mustafa Dib al-Bugha, Ali al-Syarbaji. “Al-Fiqh Al-Manhajiy ’ala Mazhab Al-Imam Asy-Syafi’i.” In 8. Damaskus: Darul Qalam, 1992.
Nilam Sari, Devi. “Implementasi Hukuman Qisas sebagai Tujuan Hukum dalam Al-Qur’an.” Muslim Heritage 5, no. 2 (December 26, 2020): 286. https://doi.org/10.21154/muslimheritage.v5i2.2342.
Rafid, Noercholish. “Nilai Keadilan Dan Nilai Kemanfaatan Pada Jarimah Qisas Dan Diyat dalam Hukum Pidana Islam.” Milkiyah: Jurnal Hukum Ekonomi Syariah 1, no. 1 (February 24, 2022): 8–14. https://doi.org/10.46870/milkiyah.v1i1.154.
Rohman, Abdul, Eni Zulaiha, and Wildan Taufiq. “Analisis Tafsir Maqāṣidī Muḥammad Ṭāḥir Bin ‘Āsyūr Pada Ayat Qiṣāṣ.” Al-Dzikra: Jurnal Studi Ilmu Al-Qur’an Dan Al-Hadits 17, no. 1 (June 30, 2023): 1–22. https://doi.org/10.24042/al-dzikra.v17i1.13195.
Sodiqin, Ali. “Restorative Justice Dalam Tindak Pidana Pembunuhan: Perspektif Hukum Pidana Indonesia Dan Hukum Pidana Islam.” Asy-Syir’ah: Jurnal Ilmu Syari’ah Dan Hukum 49, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 63–100. https://doi.org/10.14421/ajish.v49i1.133.
Syadi Ismallah, Hafizh. “Perlindungan Terhadap Korban Dalam Situasi Pembunuhan Dan Penganiayaan Menurut Hukum Islam Serta Kaitannya Dengan Keadilan Restoratif.” SAMLON: Samudra Law Journal 1, no. 1 (February 29, 2024): 12–26. https://doi.org/10.62952/samlon.v1i1.21.
Thohari, Fuad. Kajian Hadis-Hadis Hukum Pidana Islam ( Hudud, Qisas Dan Ta’zir). Yogyakarta: Deepublish, 2012.
Yulianto, Nurul Amalia Syahrullah, Nur Mohamad Kasim, and Erman I. Kasim. “Eksistensi Hukuman Mati Terhadap Kasus Pembunuhan Perspektif Hukum Pidana Indonesia Dan Hukum Islam.” Al-Mizan 19, no. 1 (June 30, 2023): 21–38. https://doi.org/10.30603/am.v19i1.3500.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Fadhil
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
