Author Details

Ahmad Kholil, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, Indonesia

• Batuthah: Jurnal Sejarah Padaban Islam Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): Batuthah: Jurnal Sejarah Peradaban Islam Articles
  The Decline of Islamic Civilization In The Transition Era From the Ottoman Sultanate To The Republik of Turkey 1908-1938: A Historical and Socio-Political Analysis
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