Batuthah: Jurnal Sejarah Padaban Islam

Ulama Networks And The Development Of The Syattariyah Sufi Order In Sumatra The Seventeenth To The Twenty-First Century

2025-09-10T10:00:07+00:00

The Syattariyah Sufi order is one of the tariqas that played an important role in the development of Islam in Sumatra through networks of scholars and intellectual traditions. Syattariyah scholars functioned not only as practitioners of Sufism, but also as agents of da‘wah, community leaders, and guardians of local intellectual heritage. This study aims to analyze how scholarly networks shaped, strengthened, and reproduced the continuity of the order in Sumatra through teacher disciple relationships, the transmission of knowledge, and socio-religious roles. The method employed is a qualitative-historical approach with library research on Sufi manuscripts, genealogical chains of transmission (sanad), scholarly works, and academic literature. The findings show that the Syattariyah order developed as a regional network of scholars connecting Aceh, Minangkabau, and Palembang through traditional educational institutions, the circulation of manuscripts, and the legitimation of spiritual lineage. This article emphasizes the uniqueness of the Syattariyah order as an institutionalized socio-intellectual system that is adaptive to colonialism and modernity, and remains relevant in shaping local Islamic identity into the contemporary period.

The History, Development, and Challenges of Pencak Silat Pagar Nusa Cimande Style in Trenggalek 1986-2000

2026-01-21T04:00:36+00:00

The establishment of Pagar Nusa by Gus Malik in 1986 was motivated by the increasing rate of juvenile delinquency and the absence of a pesantren-based martial arts organization in the Trenggalek area. This study discusses the history and development of the Cimande style of Pencak Silat Pagar Nusa in Panggul District, Trenggalek Regency, during the period 1986-2000. This study develops two focus areas, namely, the history and development of the Cimande style of Pencak Silat Pagar Nusa in Panggul, and the challenges faced in its development process. The method used is historical research through the stages of topic selection, heuristics, verification, interpretation, and historiography. The results of the study show that the Cimande style of Pagar Nusa experienced rapid development under the leadership of Mbah Djuriyat, both in terms of the number of members and the expansion of training areas. However, this school maintains challenges in the form of social stigma and competition with other silat schools that have already developed in Trenggalek. This condition requires continuous efforts to build a positive identity and image in the community.

Mathematics In The Era Of The Abbasid Dynasty: Al-Khawarizmi’s Contribution To The Development Of Modern Mathematical Thought In Baghdad 780-850 CE

2026-01-09T03:22:23+00:00

The development of knowledge during the Abbasid Caliphate marked the emergence of the Islamic Golden Age, supported by political and institutional backing for intellectual activities. In this context, mathematics flourished through processes of translation, synthesis, and innovation, reaching its peak in the works of Al-Khawarizmi. This study examines the historical dynamics of the development of mathematics during the Abbasid Caliphate, focusing its analysis on Al-Khawarizmi’s intellectual contributions. The research employs the historical method with a descriptive-analytical approach through literature-based data collection techniques. The research procedures include heuristics, interpretation, and synthesis of various sources discussing the development of algebra, arithmetic, and algorithms during that period. The findings indicate that Al-Khawarizmi made significant contributions to the systematic formulation of algebraic concepts, the introduction of the Hindu-Arabic numeral system, and the development of algorithmic methods that later became foundational to modern computer science. With the support of the Abbasid caliphs, particularly through the House of Wisdom in Baghdad, mathematics advanced rapidly and had a profound impact on Islamic civilization as well as the wider world.

Javanese-Arabic Social Harmonization In The Development Of The Pekalongan Grand Mosque Architecture 1852-1933

2026-01-21T18:20:17+00:00

The dynamics of cultural interaction along the northern coast of Java in the 19th to early 20th centuries, particularly in the region of Pekalongan, created an intensive meeting space between Jsavanese and Arab communities that shaped a distinctive socio-religious structure. This harmony was reflected in religious practices, trade networks, and the architectural development of the Grand Mosque of Pekalongan from 1852 to 1933. This research aims to answer how the process of Javanese-Arab cultural acculturation occurred and how social harmonization was reflected in the architectural development of the Grand Mosque of Pekalongan. The historical method was employed through the stages of heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography, supported by literature studies and interviews. The analysis is based on theories of acculturation, material culture, and cultural agency to interpret architectural changes as representations of social practices and identity negotiation. The findings indicate that the Grand Mosque of Pekalongan is the oldest and largest mosque in the Pekalongan region. It was established in 1852 by the Regent of Pekalongan, Raden Ario Wiryo Tumenggung Adinegoro. In its early period, the mosque displayed a distinctly Javanese architectural style, reflected in its layout within the governmental center of Pekalongan based on the philosophy of Catur Gatra Tunggal, as well as in its structural form representing traditional Javanese architecture. Over time, the Grand Mosque of Pekalongan underwent architectural transformations characterized by the acculturation of Javanese and Arab elements. This acculturation process occurred as a result of intense social interaction and external cultural influences, particularly from the Arab community in Pekalongan. The outcome of this Javanese-Arab acculturation positioned the Grand Mosque of Pekalongan not only as a center of worship but also as a symbol of social harmony within the surrounding community.

Matriarchs of Malabar: A Cultural Study of The Matrilineal Legacy of The Muslim Community In Kuttichira

2026-01-09T03:30:04+00:00

Kuttichira is a historically significant area in Calicut, Kerala. It is known for its unique cultural identity and the practice of matrilineality, in which family lineage and property are traced through women. This study investigates the origins, characteristics, and transformations of the matrilineal system among the Muslim community in Kuttichira. Using qualitative and anthropological methods, including six interviews with inhabitants and researchers of the specific area, as well as archival research in local records, this research examines family structures, gender roles, property management, and the leadership functions of the eldest female in the family. She is locally known as the Karanothi. The study also analyzes the influence of architectural design and patterns in traditional joint-family homes on social organization. The findings reveal that matrilineal and matrilocal systems historically conferred authority and responsibility upon women. She played a central role in family welfare, education, and health, while husbands had limited property rights. These practices varied across each Tharawad. Over time, modernization, socio-economic changes, and legal reforms have transformed these traditions, leading to altered inheritance patterns and family dynamics. This study contributes to an understanding of the historical and cultural evolution of matrilineal practices within Kerala’s Muslim communities and highlights the impact of female-centered family structures on social organization.

The Decline of Islamic Civilization In The Transition Era From the Ottoman Sultanate To The Republik of Turkey 1908-1938: A Historical and Socio-Political Analysis

2026-01-21T04:06:17+00:00

The decline of Islamic civilization in the early twentieth century cannot be separated from the dynamics of political and social transformations that took place in Anatolia. The transitional period from the caliphate system to the modern nation-state marked a crucial turning point that signified fundamental changes in the structure of power, identity, and the social life of Muslim communities. This study aims to explain how secularization reshaped the institutional position of Islam within the structure of the modern state. The research employs a qualitative method with a descriptive-analytical approach based on library research of historical works and modern Turkish political theory. The findings indicate that what is referred to as the “decline of Islamic civilization” in this context does not denote the disappearance of religiosity among Muslim societies, but rather the reduction of Islam’s normative and institutional role within the state’s system of legitimacy. Legal, educational, and religious-symbolic reforms during the republican era relocated Islam from the foundation of public political authority to a sphere regulated by the state. This transformation marked a paradigmatic shift from theosentric-imperial legitimacy to national-secular legitimacy. Thus, decline is understood as a restructuring of authority and civilizational orientation, rather than merely a political downfall or a dichotomy between Islam and modernity.

Harmony, Power, and Diversity: The Concept of Multicultural Leadership in Serat Nitisruti

2026-01-21T03:58:15+00:00

The increasing complexity of Indonesia’s plural society demands a model of leadership that is not only structurally effective but also inclusive in managing cultural, religious, and social identity diversity. However, studies on multicultural leadership are still dominated by Western theories, while explorations of local wisdom remain relatively limited. In fact, Nusantara traditions such as Serat Nitisruti by Pangeran Karanggayam contain teachings on the gusti-kawula relationship, social harmony, and the legitimacy of power based on morality. The scope of this research is focused on interpreting the relationship between social harmony, the legitimacy of power, and the management of cultural diversity as represented in the text. The purpose of this study is to uncover the model of multicultural leadership offered by Serat Nitisruti and its relevance within the context of a plural society. This study employs a qualitative research design with a textual analysis approach, hermeneutics, and cultural studies to interpret the symbols, normative teachings, and leadership values contained in the manuscript. The results indicate that Serat Nitisruti represents a leadership model that emphasizes a balance between power and ethics, as well as the leader’s ability to maintain harmony amid social and cultural diversity. Leadership is understood as non-dominative, but rather participatory and oriented toward justice, wisdom, and self-restraint. Therefore, Serat Nitisruti offers a multicultural leadership paradigm grounded in Javanese local wisdom that places harmony and diversity as the foundation of the legitimacy of power, thereby holding conceptual relevance for the development of inclusive leadership in contemporary Indonesia.

The Social Hierarchy of Arab and Non-Arab Peoples in Classical Islamic History: A Historical and Sociological Analysis

2026-01-21T04:03:16+00:00

Islam, brought by the Prophet Muhammad, upholds the principle of human equality, but in classical Islamic history, there were dynamics and tensions between normative ideals and social reality. This study aims to examine the social stratification of Arab and non-Arab due to cultural, political, and power policy factors from the time of the Prophet Muhammad to the Abbasid Dynasty. This study uses a historical and sociological approach, focusing on the concepts of social stratification and social status. The methods used are historical research methods, including heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The results of this study are, first, that classical Islamic society formed its social hierarchy based on status and stratification, consisting of Arabs, mawali, dhimmi, and enslaved people. Second, the social order in classical Islamic society, shaped by social stratification, was influenced by political, religious, and cultural policies guided by two key elements: the royal elite as the highest authority and the religious elite as the theological authority.

The Utilization Of The Siwalima Museum As A History Learning Medium In Ambon City

2026-02-05T03:25:51+00:00

History learning in schools is often considered monotonous because it is dominated by lecture methods and the use of textbooks, thus it is less able to build deep understanding among students. Therefore, more contextual and interactive learning media are needed, one of which is the utilization of museums as learning resources. This study aims to explore and explain the utilization of the Siwalima Museum as a medium for history learning for students in Ambon City. This research employs a descriptive qualitative method with data collection techniques including participatory observation, interviews, and literature study. The results show that the utilization of the Siwalima Museum by history teachers in Ambon City is able to create more active, contextual, and enjoyable learning, as students not only learn but also gain historical tourism experiences. Through direct observation of collections and historical objects, students are encouraged to explore historical sources independently as well as in groups. The use of the museum also promotes a shift in history learning strategies from passive to active, which is reflected in increased enthusiasm, curiosity, and student involvement in understanding and relating historical information to present-day life. In addition, learning in the museum contributes to the development of critical thinking skills, independent learning, group collaboration, as well as skills in observing and analyzing artifact-based historical sources. Visual and concrete learning experiences deepen students’ understanding while fostering an appreciation of cultural heritage and developing historical awareness.

Social Transformation and the Development of Islamic Civilization during the Reign of Utsman ibn Affan in Arabian Peninsula 644-656 Common Era

2026-02-13T00:13:10+00:00

Social transformation in Islamic history represents an important process marking the shift from a religious community to a complex political society. One of the most crucial phases of this transformation occurred during the reign of Caliph Utsman ibn Affan, characterized by territorial expansion and increasing social diversity within the Muslim community. This study focuses on political policies, administrative reforms, and social integration in Muslim society. It aims to analyze the contribution of Utsman leadership to political consolidation and social restructuring in the early Islamic period. This research is a study in Islamic political history employing the historical method, which consists of four stages: heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The results show that the reign of Utsman ibn Affan was a significant phase in the formation of early Islamic civilization. The codification of the Qur’an ensured textual uniformity across the expanding Islamic territories, while expansion into North Africa, Khurasan, and Asia Minor strengthened political authority and accelerated social integration among diverse ethnic groups. This process contributed to the development of a more organized social structure and Islamic civilization.