YUSRUL HANA, M.; AFFAN ISMAIL; ISMAIL HAMID. The Social Hierarchy of Arab and Non-Arab Peoples in Classical Islamic History: A Historical and Sociological Analysis. Batuthah: Jurnal Sejarah Padaban Islam, [S. l.], v. 5, n. 1, p. 97–116, 2026. DOI: 10.38073/batuthah.v5i1.4322. Disponível em: https://ejournal.uiidalwa.ac.id/index.php/batuthah/article/view/4322. Acesso em: 11 apr. 2026.