AORTA ABDILLAH A’LAA; AHMAD KHOLIL; FADIL S. J. The Decline of Islamic Civilization In The Transition Era From the Ottoman Sultanate To The Republik of Turkey 1908-1938: A Historical and Socio-Political Analysis. Batuthah: Jurnal Sejarah Padaban Islam, [S. l.], v. 5, n. 1, p. 70–82, 2026. DOI: 10.38073/batuthah.v5i1.4024. Disponível em: https://ejournal.uiidalwa.ac.id/index.php/batuthah/article/view/4024. Acesso em: 28 mar. 2026.