Parental Guidance in Motivating Children at Elementary School on 19

The current phenomenon that occurs is the lack of parental control at home over children's learning activities. Most parents are busy with their respective jobs. Parents fully surrender their children's education to the teacher. So that their children's education is less controlled. Parents do not play an active role in supporting children's learning at school, so children rarely do schoolwork. This type of research is qualitative research. This research was conducted in grades III, IV and V with 6 students and 6 parents as subjects. Methods of data collection using interview guidelines and learning motivation scale. The data analysis technique uses descriptive qualitative analysis. The results of the study show that the role of parents in motivating students who excel, has a very high role in motivating student learning by always giving attention and affection and sufficient time for their children. The subject of two underachieved parental roles has a low role in motivating student learning. The third subject is the factors that influence the role of parents in increasing student learning motivation, namely the presence of attention, prizes, punishments, providing school necessities and prizes and sufficient time for underachieving children due to excessive pampering, extraordinary worry and lack of sense Darling.


INTRODUCTION
Education is a human effort to broaden the horizons of knowledge in order to form values and attitudes. Education is needed by everyone, because education is a human endeavor to grow and develop the potentials of physical and spiritual innate in accordance with the values that exist in society. God said: He taught man what he did not know". (QS.Al-alaq:5) 1 Science and teaching are natural things in humans, even education is the most important aspect in making changes. Schools are also included in education, so schools play an important role in educational activities. Even though he is not the only one who plays a role in shaping a child's character and personality, there are still parents, teachers, friends, and the environment. Parents are the first in life to bear the responsibility for education, because in general a child is in the early days among his parents. So that it is from both parents that children begin to know their education. 2 In general, in a family a child is in an interaction relationship. The family provides an example in the formation of behavior, morals, character and education for children.
Interaction within the family will determine the pattern of behavior of children towards other people and society. Likewise the statement of Rasulullah SAW. Thus parents should even be obliged to give them that right.
Parental guidance in the family plays an important role in achieving children's learning achievements at school. Children who study at home with the attention of their parents, such as the availability of learning facilities, supervision, and the child's study schedule, because this will really help the child achieve good performance. In the sense that children will be motivated when there is positive support and attention from both parents.
But in reality, there are still many children who are less motivated in learning.
They just like to spend their time playing with their fellow friends. Then again added the social environment with friends who are not good in character and behavior, so there is no concern in learning. This was proven based on the results of interviews with several SD 19 students along with their parents. And based on data recorded by KEMDIKBUD SD 19 Ketapang, achievement is still minimal compared to other public elementary schools. Information was obtained that there were still students who had low achievements in school. One of the students said that the lack of motivation from the surrounding environment, especially the family, namely both parents, resulted in poor performance.
Next, the authors conclude from the interview that students think school is a place to play and meet their friends without realizing that their obligation to come to school is to study. At school too, they feel attention because they can do activities that cannot be done when they are with their family, namely telling stories and playing with their colleagues. This proves that, there are still parents who do not care and pay attention to all their children's activities at school. They are busier and really care about all their work and it is not uncommon for attention to their children to be unfulfilled and even forgotten so that children are less enthusiastic about participating in school learning activities.
Then, the author also interviewed a teacher at SD 19 Ketapang, regarding efforts to deal with children who lack enthusiasm and attention in following the ongoing learning process, he commented that efforts had been made to deal with this problem, among these efforts was to use various methods and media. in the teaching process in class. Based on KEMDIKBUD data, Ketapang 19 Elementary School is a school that has a fairly good quality with an A accreditation score. The location of the school which is in an office area and residential area is sufficient to make this school known in the surrounding community. This is illustrated by the awards and achievements at both the capital and national levels that were achieved by the teaching staff. In addition, the BK teacher informs about student cases related to school rules such as skipping school, not doing homework, not wearing uniform according to the rules. So based on this background, the authors are interested and moved to conduct further research with the title "Parents' Guidance in Motivating Children at SD 19 Ketapang"

RESEARCH METHODS
The approach used in this study is a qualitative approach. The author narrates everything that was captured from the field because this research is intended to find out how far parental guidance is in motivating children at SD 19 Ketapang in a systematic and objective way by collecting data, evaluating and looking for evidence to uphold facts and draw conclusions strong. The type of research used in this research is descriptive research which compares phenomena that occur between groups.
The presence of researchers on research subjects is the most important part in qualitative research, because with the presence of researchers will get accurate data and information needed in accordance with the objectives to be achieved by researchers directly. In this case the researcher becomes a research facility researcher as well as an observer whose aim is to obtain information related to parental guidance in motivating children to study at SD 19 Ketapang.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
A. Overview of Research Background with buildings and the number of students that were still very limited and even tended to be apprehensive, this did not dampen the enthusiasm for learning of the students who had longed for an educational institution.
At this time SDN 19 Ketapang is trying to be a leading educational institution in providing excellent service to the community in the Mulia Baru area and its surroundings.
Although in reality there are many obstacles to the realization of these good goals.
However, armed with enthusiasm and a sense of sincerity in dedicating oneself to Mother Earth, the effort is still being carried out continuously.

Vision and Mission a. Vision
The realization of students who excel and excel on the basis of faith and piety. The explanation of the vision above is to form students who excel in all fields, and have good morals, are faithful and pious in carrying out all His commands in accordance with the Shari'a, with that they will become human beings who are useful to everyone.
While the explanation of the mission above is that SD 19 Ketapang since its establishment until now has always cultivated an attitude that is in accordance with Islamic teachings, and guides all students to always study and study without feeling bored to study.

School Rules a. Obligation
1. Students come 15 minutes before class starts.
2. After the bell rings, students line up in front of the class, then enter one by one in an orderly manner.
3. Before and after class, students must pray led by the class leader or take turns.
4. When the lesson takes place students are required to maintain class order.
5. Students must take breaks outside the classroom and may not leave the school grounds.

d. Punishment
Students who violate school rules will be given sanctions: 1. Verbal warning I, II and III 2. Written warning I, II and III 3. Not allowed to enter school within a certain period of time.

Purpose
a. Can teach religious teachings as a result of the learning process and habituation activities.
b. Achieve academic and non-academic achievements c. Mastering the basics of science and technology as a provision for continuing to a higher madrasah.
d. Become a pioneer and driving madrasah in the surrounding community

B. Exposure to Data and Research Results
As explained in the previous chapter, that in order to analyze the collected data, be it interviews or observations that the writer did, the writer will analyze it with a qualitative descriptive system. Qualitative descriptive, namely by explaining in detail the data, the reason for using a qualitative system is because researchers do not conduct tests or tests, but instead try to trace, understand, explain symptoms, link relationships between everything studied.
In this case it describes how the guidance of parents of students who excel and those who do not achieve, what factors influence parental guidance in motivating students to study at SD 19 Ketapang. Descriptive system is a system that describes the ongoing situation in depth to find out the facts that exist.
With this system it is hoped that researchers can produce descriptive data which can later be put in the form of reports and descriptions, so statistical figures are not prioritized. The author in analyzing this problem connects the results of interviews and observations obtained in the field, namely "Parent Guidance in Motivating Children to Learn at SD 19 Ketapang." The interview was carried out using field data on 6 parents of students, from the 6 parents of these students 3 parents of students who excelled, namely: Mr. Budi, Mr.
The extent of the substance that must be explored and studied, so the interviews carried out require quite a long time. It will be held on Thursday 23 July 2020 to Tuesday 11 August 2020.

Study at SD 19 Ketapang
Parents of students who excel can be found by researchers after conducting research on informants by intensively interviewing parents of students who excel.
By using interview techniques with a focus on existing indicators of parents of students at SD 19 Ketapang.
The results of interviews with parents of students who excel (Mr. Budi, Mr. Asari, Mr. Budiman) grouped the research with the following explanation :

Give Attention
This indicator is presented from interview questions conducted with informants or parents of students who excel. That children who excel and get good grades in school do not escape the attention of their parents. Because parents as leaders in the family must prioritize education in their families so they don't fall into bad things. Because the role of parents determines the success of their children's education. Because parents are the first and foremost people in guiding and caring for their children. 4 Guiding or mentoring according to Rochman Natawidjaja, guiding is the process of providing or providing assistance to individuals or children, which is carried out on an ongoing basis, so that the individual can understand himself so that he is able to direct himself and can act appropriately according to the demands and circumstances of his family and society. As well as with parents' awareness of their responsibilities and roles as first and foremost educators, it greatly influences the child's self-development.
The family as the smallest unit of society is also the basis for the formation of society. Therefore, the family is the first and fundamental container for the growth and development of children.

Recognize difficulties
This indicator is presented from interview questions conducted with informants or parents of high achieving students. Early difficulties, namely, the inability of students to work on and complete the tasks given by the teacher. According to Djamarah, difficulties are conditions where students cannot learn well, caused by threats and disturbances in the learning process that come from students' internal factors as well as from students' external factors. As parents as well as educators for their children at home, parents must also be able to recognize and help their children recognize the difficulties their children experience at school, be it in the form of assignments or homework. As a parent, you must also be able to control your child's learning time and way of learning.
Children are taught to study regularly, not only when they get homework from school or when they are about to face a test. Every day the children are taught to repeat the lesson given by the teacher that day. And given an understanding when children have time to play.
This is in accordance with what was conveyed by parents and students who excel, said the following: As well as accompanying him to study and giving advice that if you don't study you will not be able to answer when asked and given assignments by the teacher.
The same thing was also conveyed by the students, as follows: In doing tasks that are less understood, they are always assisted and guided in carrying out and completing their assignments and parents also always give advice, praise and encouragement so that we are always enthusiastic in learning, said Rama and Mamad. The same thing was conveyed by Maya, that for every task she did not understand, her parents or older siblings always assisted her.

Provide facilities
This indicator is presented from interview questions conducted with resource persons or parents of students who excel, in addition to attention and affection from parents, in the world of education children really need adequate facilities to support all learning process activities.
According to H.M Daryanto, etymologically (meaning of the word) facilities consist of learning facilities and infrastructure, that learning facilities are direct tools for achieving educational goals, for example locations or places, buildings and others. While infrastructure is an indirect tool to achieve educational goals, for example space, books, libraries and laboratories. Therefore, parents must be able to fulfill and complement all the needs of children in learning, in order to achieve good results and achievements. As well as being able to fulfill the child's wishes when the child demands to take part in additional learning outside of school hours. The same thing was also conveyed by the students, as follows: All the needs and needs of the school are always met and given prizes when they get good grades and achievements, take part in additional tutoring outside of school, said

Maya. The same thing was expressed by Rama and Mamad, it's just that they don't take tutoring outside school hours, but only study at home and school
From the presentation of the three informants (Mr. Budi, Mr. Asari and Mr. Budiman) almost of the three informants argued that the guidance of parents of students who excel in increasing student motivation did not escape their attention as their parents.
His son is getting good grades in school. by always giving attention, while attention according to Slameto, is an activity carried out by a person in relation to the selection of stimuli from his environment. The concern of the parents here is that they always ask what is learned and what activities are carried out at school. Attention is always given by everyone in the house, (father, mother and older siblings), especially both parents. Because according to Hery Noer Aly, parents are the first adults who bear the responsibility for education, because naturally children in the early days of their lives are in the midst of their mothers and fathers. With that, as parents must always pay enough attention in guiding their children to learn, such as accompanying children in doing their schoolwork, providing facilities that support their school needs, and promise to give whatever the child wants if he gets good performance, in that way the child enthusiasm for learning and pursuit of achievement.
In addition to being given endless attention and praise, their children who do well in school, because they have their own desire to learn so they can pursue their goals, as parents always fully support their children's wishes and always encourage their children to always study hard.
Because children who excel do not have to come from families that have upper, middle, or lower economic levels to be able to get good achievements, that is, it is enough to always get action, attention, enthusiasm and motivation from the family, especially their parents at home. Such as, always guiding and helping in doing assignments, providing facilities to support children's learning, giving attention and encouragement so that they are always active in learning.
Based on the results of interviews with parents and students above, it is concluded that the guidance of parents of students who excel in increasing student learning motivation is really needed here because guidance from parents, both people who are more mature than students, is needed to provide attention, advice and enthusiasm. in learning, as well as provide the facilities needed in learning, so as to foster a sense of wanting to learn and continue to learn in achieving dreams and goals.

Guidance of Parents of Students with Less Achievements in Motivating Students to Study at SD 19 Ketapang
The role of parents of underachieving students can be found by researchers after conducting research on informants by means of intensive interviews. The same thing was also conveyed by the students, as follows: In guiding, their parents only told them to do their own assignments, and some studied on their own without being asked to, and only watched from the innocence in front of the television by their fathers.
Regarding school assignments, they immediately ordered them to do it without being supervised, said Rosnia and Yuli. It was different with Diana, regarding whether there were assignments from school or not, her parents rarely asked her.

Recognize student learning difficulties
This indicator is presented from interview questions conducted with informants or parents of students who are underachieving. In a family, parents are the first and foremost educators. The priority that is in him is not only because they serve as a guide and guidance to children but also because they are an example for their children. Uzer usman, is a process of activating motives into actions or behavior to meet needs and achieve goals, or circumstances and readiness within the individual that encourages his behavior to do something in achieving certain goals. Therefore, even in things that we consider trivial, it is important for parents to create actions that reflect that sincere love and affection for children. So, when he knows this in the future, he will also be ready to give the best to him. her parents. He will be ready to accompany and pay attention to parents just as parents have done all that for him.
This is in accordance with what was conveyed by parents and students who were underachieving, said the following: Asking older siblings to do their assignments, helping them do it by looking at the guidelines and examples given by their teachers, telling them to do their assignments on their own without being accompanied and guided by the parents of students, Pak Nijo, Pak Tomar, and Pak Johari. The same thing was conveyed by the students, in doing assignments that they did not understand, they often asked their parents or older siblings to do it.

Provide facilities
This indicator is presented from interview questions conducted with informants or parents of students who are underachieving. Children who are learning apart from having to fulfill their basic needs, also need learning facilities such as study rooms, tables, chairs, lighting, stationery, books and others. Thus also the willingness of parents to meet the needs of their children's learning facilities can encourage children to be more active in learning, so that children can improve their learning achievement. This is in accordance with what was conveyed by parents and students who were underachieving, said the following: Always provide everything they need and give them whatever gifts they want without wanting to know the uses and benefits for them, and involve children in tutoring outside of school hours but do not supervise and know the tutoring activities, said Mr.
Nijo and Mr. Johari. The same thing was conveyed by Mr. Tomar, he always provides all the needs of his school, gives gifts without having to get good achievements and does not include his child for tutoring outside of school but only orders him to study with his older siblings and schoolmates.
The same thing was also conveyed by the students, as follows: Everything they asked for was always given by their parents as long as it was a reason for school needs, they were given gifts without having to be asked and they were included in tutoring outside of school, said Rosnia and Diana. The same thing was conveyed by Yuli, it's just that she didn't take additional tutoring but studied with her school friends.
Based on the results of interviews conducted by researchers with parents of underachieving students Mr. Nijo, Mr. Tomar and Mr. Johari, with students Rosnia, Yuli, and Diana, that the role of parents of underachieving students in increasing student learning motivation. This is caused by a lack of care and attention from their parents and a lack of awareness of their own children, because children at this elementary school age are still in their playing period, meanwhile, their parents are only busy with their work, as if they don't want to know what their children are doing at school, every time there is an assignment. from school they only order their children to do their work immediately without being accompanied and guided in completing it, every facility or child's needs related to school are complied with, but only giving is never noticed every child uses the facilities provided.
As well as children who are underachieving, not because they do not take part in additional learning outside of school, but because of a lack of attention from parents and people who are more mature than themselves. Therefore, attention and concern for children are required as parents. To support the success of their children, the family has a very big contribution in motivating their learning. Because with great motivation from their parents, children will be motivated in learning so that children are enthusiastic about learning and will eventually get satisfactory results.

Factors Influencing Parental Guidance In Motivating Children to Study at SD 19
Ketapang a. Factors parents of children who excel as follows:

Caution
Attention is a psychic concentration, one of the psychological aspects that is focused on an object that comes from within and outside the individual.

Giving gifts and praise
In learning theories, it is known that the effect that is felt by someone as something fun, then this effect is referred to as giving a reward or gift. By giving rewards, or prizes to children who get good grades or achievements, it will increase students' interest and motivation in learning. In addition to prizes, parents can also give children in the form of praise, enthusiasm given by parents to children. This is conveyed to provide learning motivation, it can also be used to provide new motivation and praise so that children feel compelled to study even more actively than before.
This is in accordance with what was conveyed by Mr. Budi and Mr. Asari, they said the following: For children who get achievements in school they are always given prizes, both in the form of praise and objects. Mr. Budiman also conveyed the same thing, saying that if his child gets good grades at school I will give gifts to the child, so that he will be more enthusiastic about learning and get good grades at school.

Punishment
Punishment is an act that is passed on to a child consciously and intentionally causing sorrow, and with that sorrow the child will become aware of his actions and promise in his heart not to repeat it. By giving punishment to the wrong child, it will make the child aware and will not repeat the things that made him punished by his parents if he made a mistake again.
This is in accordance with what was conveyed by the parents of students, they are as follows: If their children make mistakes, they will be punished. The punishment was in the form of: not being allowed to leave the house, playing with friends, not being given pocket money and not being allowed to watch television. By being given a punishment like that, children will not repeat the mistakes that will make them punished.

Provide for children's needs
Needs are permanent tendencies in a person that cause encouragement and behavior to achieve certain goals. Needs arise as a result of changes in the organism or due to the influence of events from the environment. The needs here are things that are needed by children to support the learning process both at school and at home. This is in accordance with what was conveyed by the parents of students, they said the following: All the needs and needs of children are always fulfilled because it is their responsibility. Because meeting the needs of children in the learning process is one of their supports for children, so that children are motivated and passionate about learning.
From the results of the interviews conducted by the researchers to the sources above, the researcher concluded that all parents of students agreed on the factors that influence the role of parents in motivating students to learn namely the presence, attention, praise, providing school necessities and gifts and the time spent enough for kids.
b. Factors parents of students who are underachieving as follows

Too pampered
Spoiled is an attitude that is not good in his behavior because he is always given a heart, never rebuked (scolded), all his wishes are obeyed. The indulgent attitude of parents towards their children is often seen in parents who experienced economic difficulties as a child, so they want to grant every child's request. In addition, a father who wants to make up for the deficiencies in the child, and wants to compensate for this deficiency by spoiling the child.
This is in accordance with what was conveyed by the parents of students, they said the following: Always fulfill whatever their children want without thinking about the benefits and uses for the children. The same thing was also conveyed by Tomar, in order to see his children are always happy and happy, he always gives whatever his children ask for. This simply wants to make their children happy without thinking about the impact on their children.

Great worry
Worry or worry is an attitude of fear, anxiety, anxiety, about something that the truth is not known with certainty. In general, parents have a sense of concern about the health and safety of their children who come home from school not as usual. However, it is often seen that parents are overly concerned for a variety of reasons, including: Having only one child, a mother who only focuses on the household.

Lack of Attention
Among the attitudes of the lack of affection from parents can be seen from the attitude of parents who do not like their children and are affectionate towards their children, as well as the attitude of parents who are too busy with work so that they are more concerned with careers and busyness outside the home than concern for their children.
This is in accordance with what was conveyed by Mr. Nijo and Tomar, they said that: Their time and affection for their family, especially their children, are lacking, because they are too busy with work and their routines to meet the needs of the family.
The same thing was conveyed by Mr. Tomar, saying that he spent too much time outside the home compared to spending time with his family.
From the results of the interviews conducted by the researchers to the sources above, the researchers concluded that all parents of students agreed regarding the factors that influence parental guidance in providing learning motivation for underachieving children, namely excessive pampering, extraordinary worry, and lack of sense Darling.
Thus the success of students in the learning process cannot be separated from the existence of motivation that drives and encourages students to be able to carry out their activities and learning processes. The motivation can come from within and from outside the student. Both of these motivations have a major influence on student success, although what is more important is motivation within students but external motivation remains a factor that influences student learning activities. One example of motivation that comes from outside the student's self is parents, where parents are the first people known and close to children, the existence of students between at school and at home is of course more at home, therefore the role of parents as parents Those close to students are considered very important, especially in motivating student learning as well as providing encouragement and factors influencing the learning motivation of both high achieving and underachieving students, namely, always paying attention, giving rewards, children's needs, and punishment, indulgence, worry. and lack of affection.
So the differences in the factors given by the parents of students who excel and those who do not achieve are attention, giving prizes, giving educational punishments, and meeting the needs of the child's school. While those who are underachievers are due to being overly pampered, extraordinary worries and lack of affection.

CONCLUSION
Based on the description and discussion of the research results, the conclusions of this study are as follows: First, the guidance of parents of students who excel in motivating children to learn, is really needed here because the role of parents, both people who are more mature than students, is needed to provide attention, advice and enthusiasm in learning, as well as providing the facilities needed in learning, so as to foster a sense of wanting to learn and continue learning in achieving dreams and goals.
Second, the guidance of parents of students who are underachieving in motivating children to study is caused by a lack of care and attention from both parents, because the parents are only busy with their work, as if they don't want to know what their children are doing at school, every time there is an assignment from their school only orders their children to do their work immediately without being accompanied and guided in completing it, every facility or child's needs related to school are always complied with, but just giving is never noticed every child uses the facilities provided.
Third, the factors that influence parental guidance in increasing the learning motivation of students who excel and those who do not achieve are attention, prizes, punishments, providing school necessities and sufficient time for children. As for children who are underachievers due to excessive pampering, extraordinary worry and lack of affection.