History of the Salajiqoh Dynasty

In North America The Salajiqoh dynasty originates from the Salajiqoh dynasty, also known as the Salajiqoh dynasty, is one of the dynasties that played an important role in the history of the Middle East and Central Asia in the Middle Ages. The Salajiqoh dynasty was founded by a group of Turkic peoples led by Tughril Beg in the early 11th century. In the Salajiqoh dynasty there were systemic devices that formed an integral unit and wholeness in a system of state government. This research includes the type of library research or library research. Literature research is a type of research based on the analysis and interpretation of data taken from written sources, such as books, journal articles, reports, papers, and other sources available in written form. The Salajiqoh dynasty was the first Turkish Islamic empire to rule the Islamic world. The power he held was so broad that it covered Central Asia and the Middle East – stretching from Anatolia to Punjab in southern Asia. The Great Salajiqoh Empire, which began to take power in the 11th to 14th centuries, was founded by the Turkic Oghuz tribe who embraced Islam. These devices constitute and form an integral unit and integrity in a system of state government including viziers, qadi, tax officials, close friends, intelligence, military. Science began to develop and progress during the reign of Maliksyah and his prime minister, Nizam al-Mulk. It was Nizam al-Mulk who initiated the establishment of the Nizamiyah (1065 AD) Madrasa (University) and the Hanafiyah Madrasa in Baghdad.


INTRODUCTION
The Salajiqoh dynasty originates from the Oghuz tribe, which is a Turkic ethnic group. They were originally a nomadic people who migrated from the Central Asian region and then settled in the Anatolia region (now part of Turkey) in the 11th century. 1 This dynasty became one of the first Islamic dynasties to be dominated by the Turks.
Spread of Islam: The Salajiqoh dynasty played an important role in the spread of Islam in the territories they controlled. When the Salajiqoh Dynasty came to power, they introduced and promoted Islam to various tribes and nations in Central Asia and the Middle East. Thus, this dynasty played a role in Islamizing many areas that previously had other religions or still adhered to the original religion. 2 The Salajiqoh dynasty succeeded in creating a strong political unity over a wide area, uniting various regions and diverse cultures under their rule. The Great Salajiqoh Empire covered a vast area from Anatolia to the Punjab, reflecting its effective administrative and military capabilities. During the reign of the Salajiqoh Dynasty, there was a fusion of cultures between the Turks, Persians and Arabs. This is reflected in the art, architecture, literature and science that developed during their reign. The Salajiqoh dynasty adopted and supported Persian and Arabic culture, which greatly contributed to the intellectual and artistic development of the period. Increasing the Role of the Caliphate: Although the Salajiqoh dynasty was the ruler of the Islamic world, they also recognized the authority of the Abbasid Caliphate in Baghdad. This shows respect and acknowledges the role of religion in their government. 3 The Salajiqoh dynasty supported the Caliphate and tried to strengthen it, especially in supporting education and the spread of Islamic teachings.
The Salajiqoh dynasty is also notable for being involved in a series of conflicts with the European Crusaders trying to reclaim Islamic holy lands. The battles between the Salajiqoh dynasty and the Crusaders resulted in important events in the history of the Crusades, such as the Battle of Manzikert in AD 1071, which was a turning point in the Crusaders' control of Anatolia. These uniqueness made the Salajiqoh Dynasty one of the most important dynasties in the history of the Islamic world and its surroundings, with a cultural, political and religious heritage that had a major impact on the future development of the region.

METHOD
This research includes the type of library research or library research. Literature research is a type of research based on the analysis and interpretation of data taken from written sources, such as books, journal articles, reports, papers, and other sources available in written form 4 . The researcher conducted an analysis of the literature relevant to the research topic to obtain in-depth information and understanding of the issue being studied. In literature research, researchers do not collect data directly through field observations or interviews, but instead rely on existing data from various sources. 5

History of the Salajiqoh Dynasty
The Salajiqoh dynasty is a group of Turkic peoples who come from the Ghuzz tribe. The Salajiqoh dynasty is attributed to their ancestor named Salajiqoh ibn Tuqaq (Dukak). Their country of origin is located in the northern region of the Caspian Sea and the Aral Sea and they embraced Islam at the end of the 4th/10th century and were more of a Sunni school. Bek chose the city of Naisabur and later the city of Ray as the seat of government.
Previously, these dynasties separated themselves, after being conquered the Salajiqoh dynasty again recognized Baghdad's position. In fact, they established the integrity and security of the Abbasids. 7 The Salajiqoh dynasty was one of the dynasties that existed during the reign of the Abbasid dynasty, which ruled from 1037 AD to 1128. The Salajiqoh dynasty was a dynasty that always supported and helped and restored the authority of the Abbasid caliphs so that the caliphs could enjoy the greatness and majesty they had enjoyed so far.
This was because besides that the Salajiqoh dynasty had the same understanding as the caliph, namely the Sunni sect, they also always worked together and respected each other.
The Salajiqoh dynasty came from several small tribes as well as the Ghuz tribe in the Turkistan region. The Salajiqoh (also known as the Seljuqs) or Turkic Salajiqohs were an Islamic dynasty that once ruled Central Asia and the Middle East from the 11th to the 14th centuries. The Salajiqoh are nomadic Turkic peoples from Turkmenistan. They are related to the Uygurs, Kush to eastern Anatolia and from Central Asia to the Persian Gulf.
From their base in the Aral Sea, the Salajiqoh moved first to Khorasan and then to mainland Persia before taking control of eastern Anatolia. 8 Their country of origin is located in the northern region of the Caspian Sea and the Aral Sea and they embraced Islam at the end of the 4th/10th century and were more of a Sunni school. At first Salajiqoh ibn Tuqaq served Bequ, the king of the Turkoman region which covered the area around the Arabian sea and the Caspian sea. Salajiqoh was appointed as the leader of the army. Salajiqoh's influence was so great that Raja Bequ was worried that his position would be threatened. Raja Bequ intended to get rid of Salajiqoh, but before the plan was carried out Salajiqoh found out about it. He did not take a stand against or rebel but together with his followers he immigrated to the Jand area or also called the Muslim area in the Transoxiana region between the Umm Driya and Syrdarya or Jihun rivers. 9 The Salajiqoh dynasty was the first Turkish Islamic empire to rule the Islamic world. The power he held was so broad that it covered Central Asia and the Middle East stretching from Anatolia to Punjab in southern Asia. The Great Salajiqoh Empire, which began to take power in the 11th to 14th centuries, was founded by the Turkic Oghuz tribe who embraced Islam starting in the 10th century. In fact, the Salajiqoh Empire was started by Salajiqoh Bek. However, the Salajiqoh Kingdom, which was established in 1037 AD, was only realized during the era of Thugril Bek's leadership, which ruled until 1063 AD.
History records the Salajiqoh Dynasty as a kingdom that was able to revive the Islamic caliphate, which at that time was almost drowned.
The Salajiqoh Turks are militant adherents of Islam. It is thought that the Salajiqoh Turkish people embraced Islam long before they entered the Jand area, but it is most likely that they embraced Islam after social interaction with the Islamic community in Jand itself. Some Russian scholars say that the Turkish people of Salajiqoh embraced Islam after they embraced Christianity, by noting that the names of Salajiqoh's children were similar to the names in the Bible, namely Mikail, Musa, Israil, and Yunus. However, this possibility is difficult to accept, especially after seeing and studying the traditions that exist in them.
The development of the Salajiqoh Dynasty was aided by the political situation in the Transoksania region. At that time there was political competition between the Samaniyah dynasty and the Khaniyyah dynasty, in this competition Salajiqoh tended to help the Samaniyah dynasty. When the Samaniyah dynasty was defeated by the Ghaznawiyah dynasty, Salajiqoh declared independence. He succeeded in controlling the area previously controlled by Samaniyyah. After Salajiqoh bin Tuqaq died, the leadership of the Bani Salajiqoh was led by Israil ibn Salajiqoh who was also known as Arslan. After 9 Manan, "Dinasti Saljuk dalam Sejarah Peradaban Islam." that it was continued by Mikail, while at that time the Ghaznawiyah dynasty was led by Sultan Mahmud. Due to the cunning of the Ghaznawiyah rulers, the two leaders of the Salajiqoh dynasty were arrested and killed, resulting in the weakening of the Salajiqoh's power.
In With this control, his power has extended to Asia Minor. Apart from that, Alp-Arselan was also victorious against the Fahimiyah empire all the way to Damascus. 14 So the Salajiqoh dynasty was seen as the first dynasty to gain permanent power in the Roman Empire. With that victory Ramailus Diogenus (the leader of the Byzantine army) for 50 years had to pay the jizya to the Salajiqoh sultanate.

System of Government and Equipment
Within a country, there are various instruments and institutions, each of which has different tasks and functions. These devices constitute and form an integral unit and integrity in a system of state government.

Wazir
Wazīr is the head of all employees or officials in the country, as well as a role institutions and political institutions, between the sultan and his people. Qādis play an important role in preserving and transmitting the traditions of Islamic civilization. the qadi must act fairly, and if he takes a decision and determines the law arbitrarily or out of hatred and revenge, then the other qadi must inform the sultan about the wrong decision and the qadi must be fired and punished. All government officials and apparatus have the obligation to support and strengthen the position of the qādī and uphold the authority of the court. If someone makes an apology statement and neglects to appear in court, no matter how noble that person is, he must still be forced to attend trial in court. 16

Tax Collector
Another state apparatus that plays an important role in government is the tax collector. Tax officers stationed in certain financial areas must treat obedient citizens in a kind and courteous manner. The tax collection itself must be based on a predetermined amount and carried out at predetermined times. Because, if this is not carried out by the tax official, then the people will be disturbed and they will have to sell half of their crops, and will be faced with urgent needs, so that in the end they will have to migrate (move).
If the people are in trouble like this, they must be given a loan to lighten the burden, and keep them alive and not thrown into exile.

Intelligence Agent
In order to keep track of any developments taking place throughout the country, the king had to place intelligence agents in key posts. Because, if the king did not fully understand the social and economic conditions of the people, then the people would accuse him of being reckless, lazy, and a tyrant. It was through these agents that the king would understand the events of theft, oppression and extortion committed by certain people or groups in society. Their job is to check the activities of the extortionists, so that the people can enjoy security and justice in matters of commerce, agriculture, and so on. Because of such a task, this work should be left to people who can be trusted perfectly and are not at all suspected and have no personal interest (self-interest). They were directly responsible to the king and received a regular monthly salary from the finance department. In this way, the king will give orders, punishments, gifts, and rewards based on objective information he receives from intelligence members. Thus, the use of 16  intelligence agents makes a very significant contribution to upholding justice; the vigilance and wisdom of the king for the welfare and prosperity of the country. In addition to intelligence agents, the kings also had to spread spies (spies) to the borders of the country under the guise of traders, travelers, Sufis, drug peddlers or beggars, to then bring back information about what he heard and witnessed. This way, there won't be any hidden problems and if something happens it can be dealt with and repaired immediately.

Boon compilation
According to Nizām al-Mulk, there are many benefits to having a booncompanion; first, they would accompany the king at all times; secondly, as long as they are with the king and if a danger arises they will not hesitate to protect the king from that danger with their physical strength (as body-guards); third, the king can find various other state problems; and fourth, he can obtain all forms and kinds of information from them, because through their freedom he can report all satisfactory and unsatisfactory issues. Therefore, they should be selected from good families, have intelligence and cheerful countenance. They must have good religion, be able to keep secrets and look good. They must be humorous, have foreign saga and be able to tell it to the king fluently and pleasantly. 17

Conference
Nizām al-Mulk further advised the king, that in matters of a recreational nature, the king should ask his companion, boon-companion, for advice, because they were appointed for that task. However, in matters of state such as the military, government and others the king must consult and consult with the wazir and other state officials who are more experienced, because they have expertise in these matters. This is where deliberation is important. Carrying out deliberation on various issues is a sign that the person has sound and objective considerations, sharp intelligence and foresight into the future. Everyone has knowledge in certain matters, but may not understand other matters.
That is why one must seek consideration from other people who are wise, experienced and who have a brilliant intellect.
Likewise, in resolving complex state issues that concern the lives of many people, deliberation becomes absolutely essential so that a democratic atmosphere develops within the community, and the authorities do not act repressively and authoritarianly. This Nizām al-Mulk was of the opinion that an army should not only consist of one tribe, because that would cause danger and chaos. Troops consisting of only one tribe will lack enthusiasm, and they tend to be disorganized (disciplined). 19

The Development of Knowledge in the Salajiqoh Dynasty
In the 11th to 14th centuries AD, Central Asia and the Middle East were ruled by an Islamic dynasty named Salajiqoh. At that time, science developed rapidly. In those days, Education is something that is very important for the life of a nation, therefore education is the main funnel in building a strong civilization, this is very realized by the authorities. After successfully stabilizing domestic political conditions, the Salajiqoh Dynasty began to approach its people, meet the people's needs to improve the economy, 18

Madrasa Nizhamiyah Jazirah ibn 'Umar
To realize his policy of equal education, Nizham al-Mulk established madrasas not only in big cities but also in remote areas such as the peninsula of Ibn 'Umar. In this area, according to Abu Syammat (w.665H/1266M) that Nizham al-Mulk had built a big and good madrasa. The madrasa is better known by the name of Madrasa Radhy al-Din, There are also those who call it Madrasa Nizhamiyah Jazirah ibn Umar, which is located north of Mosul. From the previous description it can be concluded that the physical buildings contained in a Madrasah Nizhamiyah complex include madrasah building units, dormitories, libraries, mushalla or mosques, and others. 26

CONCLUSION
The Salajiqoh dynasty was the first Turkish Islamic empire to rule the Islamic world. The power he held was so broad that it covered Central Asia and the Middle East stretching from Anatolia to Punjab in southern Asia. The Great Salajiqoh Empire, which began to take power in the 11th to 14th centuries, was founded by the Turkic Oghuz tribe who embraced Islam starting in the 10th century. In fact, the Salajiqoh Empire was started by Salajiqoh Bek. However, the Salajiqoh Kingdom, which was established in 1037 AD, was only realized during the era of Thugril Bek's leadership, which ruled until 1063 AD.
History records the Salajiqoh Dynasty as a kingdom that was able to revive the Islamic caliphate, which at that time was almost drowned.